Evaluate and distinguish between the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system

Nervous System
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Evaluate and distinguish between the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system.
The anatomical divisions are the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS). The CNS is the structural and functional center of the nervous system as a whole. It is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord is the most caudal part of the central nervous system. It is subdivided into the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral parts. The PNS is made up of neurons known as ganglia and peripheral nerves. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves originating from the spinal cord (Marieb & Smith, 2016). These nerves form the central nervous system extends like a network throughout the body. The functional divisions focus on the function and include sensory (sensation) functions, responses, and integration. The sensation is the result of the activation of the body's sensory receptors and the intervention of the CNS that decodes the nerve impulses from different sensory organs.
  Devise a detailed description of the structure and functions of each organelle in a typical neuron.
A typical neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. There are also terminal branches of the axon known as telodendria. The cell body (soma) contains the nucleus surrounded by the cytoplasm where there are cellular organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria, and Golgi complex. Dendrites bring information to the cell body, while axons take information away from the cell body. Axons are tubelike structures, which not only help carry electric impulses for the cell body, and another cell’s dendrites. Dendrites are short branching structures of the nerve cells.
Distinguish the locations and functions of the four neuroglial cells in CNS and the two neuroglial cells in PNS.
The four neuroglial cells in CNS are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. The neuroglial cells in PNS are the Schwann cells and satellite cells. 
The astrocytes are found in the brain and spinal cord. They are star-shaped neuroglia that re...