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Health, Medicine, Nursing
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Bioethical Analysis of Life-Sustaining Treatment

Essay Instructions:


This week, you will submit your polished, final version of Final Project II: Bioethics. Before you submit, make sure you have incorporated all the suggestions you received from your instructor for Milestone Three.
Healthcare professionals provide support throughout the cycle of life, from birth to death. They have an obligation to provide humane and compassionate care to patients while adhering to their specific field’s code of ethics. Sometimes, healthcare professionals are privy to discussions between family members regarding end-of-life issues. In some instances, a healthcare facility may be in charge of providing information about advance directives to patients. Healthcare professionals should calibrate their own moral beliefs to align with their ethical and legal obligations. By studying issues contained within real-life cases, healthcare professionals can come to terms with their beliefs and obligations relative to end-of-life issues. For Final Project II, you will submit a draft of your essay for your Milestone Three assignment, which will be submitted to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions. This milestone draft will be submitted in Module Six. The final product will be submitted in Module Eight. In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes: ο‚· Analyze bioethical issues faced by various healthcare professionals for their impact on decisionmaking Prompt In this project, you will analyze the Terri Schiavo case through the lens of the bioethical issue(s) related to the case. You will analyze the case to address what the bioethical issue is and what role end-of-life issues, such as self-determination and advanced directives, played in the case. Using your analysis, you will determine how this bioethical issue impacted the decisions made by the healthcare professionals involved in the case. Your essay must address the following critical elements: I. Introduction: Describe the provided case, including information on the stakeholders involved, the bioethical issue, and the time period of the incident that occurred. II. Bioethical Analysis: Analyze the bioethical issue for the role end-of-life issues played in the case. Be sure to use appropriate terminology and support with secondary research. III. Conclusion: Describe how the bioethical issue influenced the decisions of healthcare professionals involved in the case. Be sure to use specific examples. 2 Milestones Milestone Three: Draft of Final Project II:Bioethics In Module Six, you will analyze the Terri Schiavo case through the lens of bioethics. You will address what the bioethical issue is and what role end-of-life issues, such as self-determination and advanced directives, played in the case. Using your analysis, you will determine how this bioethical issue impacted the decisions made by the healthcare professionals involved in the case. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone Three Rubric. Final Submission: Bioethical Short Paper In Module 8, you will submit your final project. It should be a complete, polished artifact containing all of the critical elements of the final product. It should reflect the incorporation of feedback gained throughout the course. This submission will be graded with the Final Project 2: Bioethics Rubric. Final Project II Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Your bioethical short paper should be a 1- to 2-page Microsoft Word document formatted with one-inch margins. All citations and references should be formatted according to the most recent APA guidelines.

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Module 8 Final Submission- Bioethical Issue
Stephanie Kale
Completed: August 16, 2021
IHP 420 Module 8 Final Project II
Stakeholders Involved
 In the case of 26-year-old Theresa Marie Schiavo (Terri Schiavo), she fell unconscious on February 25, 1990. Her husband, Michael Schiavo, called the paramedics. Terri never recovered and required intubation (Hook & Mueller, 2005). Terri suffered a cardiac arrest linked to hypokalemia and an eating disorder. In the following years up to 2015, Terri was in a vegetative state and failed to regain consciousness, while she then relied on a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube for nourishment (Hook & Mueller, 2005). Michael became his primary caregiver, and Terri’s parents Robert and Mary Schindler, agreed to this. Terri was awarded damages, and the Schindlers sued, and in 1993, they petitioned to remove Michael as the guardian.
In May 1998, Michael sought to get the PEG tube removed, but Terri’s parents opposed this and did not believe Terri was in a persistent vegetative state, and for seven years, they lodged various claims (Hook & Mueller, 2005). However, legal opinions supported Michael’s position. The feeding tube was removed on March 31, 2005, and Terri was pronounced dead (Hook & Mueller, 2005). The main bioethical issue is the ethical and legal implication of withdrawing life-sustaining treatment for a patient who could not make independent medical decisions, and there are surrogate decision-makers. There is no patient autonomy as Terri was in a position to make medical decisions. There is also beneficence and nonmaleficence, and beneficence requires doing good in the interest of the patients, and nonmaleficence reflects avoiding the causation of harm. 
Bioethical Analysis
Terri lacked decision-making capacity, and decisions were made on her behalf on whether to continue with the life-sustaining treatment. Ideally, when respecting patient autonomy, patients have the right to request or withdraw from medical interventions and to make informed clinical decisions. Patient autonomy requires the express request of patients with the full mental capacity to make informed decisions. However, patients exercise their autonomy and decisions they deem appropriate regarding their health, and only in exceptional situations can health professionals and surrogate decision-makers not consider informed consent. The issue of end-of-life is common among patients in life support with incurable and terminal illnesses, but there are opposing sides on what it means to die in dignity.
End-of-life decisions often consider whether to continue with the treatment that may be non-beneficial or wit...
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