Discussion on Research Instruments

Research Instruments
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Research Instruments
Scale refers to a particular range of data necessary to assign research-specific or community-specific meanings to numbers. For example, the interval scale is a range of data that uses interval numbers. The ordinal scale is essential in ordering observation in the form of hierarchy, such as from high to low, frequently used in questionnaires collecting qualitative data. A nominal scale assists in categorizing data into different groups such as strongly agree, agreed, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree. Although there is a close interaction between ordinal and nominal scales, various nominal scales, such as skin color, do not require a hierarchical arrangement (Rossi & Anderson, 2013). Notably, the most significant element of a ratio scale is the presence of a true zero point. The figure below shows examples of ordinal scales related to accessibility, people's attitudes, and level of empathy.[/figure/Examples-of-semantic-differential-scales_fig1_228629671/download]
Index refers to the signal measuring or informing of the presence or absence of something. For example, examination results may serve as an index of students' intelligence. As such, indices are numerical signifiers or temperaments of change. For ...