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Psychology
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Driving Simulator Experiment With and Without Using a Cellphone

Coursework Instructions:

Please read the full instruction before you start. Thank you!

For this current assignment, I would like you to think about how attention is used in everydayactivities. You will be taking part in a driving simulation and will do it under two conditions –without and without using your cell phone.The simulator will ask you to find different hazard targets – things that might interfere withdriving and decrease safety for you and others.As you are “driving” (the video is just moving), you will need to use a mouse or touch screen toclick on the video when you have identified the hazard targets.The simulator may ask for the following hazard targets to be identified in the video (not allvideos are the same):Here is what the simulator considers a specific hazard target:Furthermore, each category will have different aspects as defined below. Please read them andbe aware that these might be part of the video. The instructions tell you how to drive whenfaced with a potential hazard.Driving simulator without cellphoneAfter reading all about the hazards, please go to:https://driving-tests.org/defensive-driving-hazard-simulator-1/The link will take you to the driving simulator and will tell you which hazards you need toidentify.You will undertake the driving simulator without using your cell phone.Press “START” when you are ready – make sure that you are ready to click on each hazard(touch screen or mouse) as the drive unfolds.Once completed, take a screen shot of your ability to identify/avoid the hazards. The simulatorprogram will give you a tally, such as this:You will include the screen shot in your online lab write up.Driving simulator with cellphoneNext, find a time when you can call someone for about 5-10 minutes. This is a perfect time tocatch up with a friend or a family member!You do not need to tell the person that you are doing a homework assignment because I wouldlike the conversation with that person to flow as it would if you were actually driving (handsfree).Click on the following link:https://driving-tests.org/defensive-driving-hazard-simulator-3/Again, read the types of hazards that the driving simulator wants you to identify. You will needto do all of the set up before place the phone call.When you are ready to begin driving, place the phone call. Once the phone call has begun, putthe call on speak or use headphones.Then press “START” on the driving simulation.You will need to talk naturally (as a lot of us do when driving) AND drive at the same time,identifying all the targets.Once the video has ended, take a screen shot of the hazards you identified.Again, you will include the screen shot in your write up.Write-up for Homework:Part 1: Insert the screen shot of your driving ability without using your cell phone. In a briefparagraph, describe your driving ability incorporating the following concepts we learned aboutin class:overt attentioncovert attentionobject based attentionvisual searchtask switchingtop down attentional controlPart 2: Again, insert the screen shot of your driving ability but this time while talking on yourcell phone. In a brief paragraph describe how identifying the hazards was affected by talking onthe cell phone - specifically any changes in how your attention under the driving conditionschanged by the addition of a dual task (talking while driving):overt attention covert  based attention visual search task switching top down attentional control

Coursework Sample Content Preview:
Experiment 1: without using the phone
Rai and Callet (2018) define overt attention involves paying attention without any eye movements. While covert attentions involve selectively focusing on a location by channeling your eyes to that location (Rai & Callet, 2018). Taking the driving simulation test without talking over the phone involves covert attention; in this first experiment, the eyes were solely focused on the simulator playing. During the test, I can say my alertness level was high, and I could focus and identify hazard targets in the video.
The association of an image and the selective attention that arises from visual stimulation is referred to as object-based attention. Visual attention is directed to consistent forms or objects by object-based attention. In object-based attention, all components of the attended object are assumed to be analyzed concurrently. 2012 (Pilz et al.). In the driving simulation exercise, I was able to drive while also identifying hazard targets in the video at the same time. I noticed potential alerts like road signs that compelled me to click on the objects.
Visual search entails actively scanning the surroundings to locate a particular target among inconsequential non-targets or distractors. In our driving simulation case, our role was to actively look out for hazard targets such as pedestrians crossing, traffic lights, roads sign, and many others while ignoring the inconsequential targets on the road.
Tasking switching in experimental situations and procedures in which the person involved changes between multiple tasks regularly. It is normal that when the task changes, responses are slower than when the same task is repeated. Task switching applies to the simulation test. Switching attention, for instance, between the dashboard to check speed and shifting to the windshield to see what is in front view is faster because it is a repeated action...
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