Animal Genetics

Animal Genetics problem Set
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Animal Genetics problem Set
Question One (2 points)
UCU: Serine
CUC: Leucine
CUU: Leucine
UUC: Phenylalanine
Question Two (3 points)
Oligo-dT is an efficient primer for reverse transcriptase due to various reasons. Oligo(dT) primers are suitable for two-step cDNA synthesis reactions due to their specificity for mRNA, and they also allow many different targets to be examined under the same cDNA pool. Picking the best oligo(dT) primer may depend on the temperature of the reverse transcription. The Complimentary DNA (cDNA) is made from mRNA, but a primer is needed to commence elongation. Furthermore, Oligo-dT has a short strand of thymidine, which anneals to the polyAAA tail, which helps create cDNA while noting that all mRNAs leaving the eukaryotic nucleus have a polyAAA tail.
Question 3 (2points)
What occurs at 90-95°,50- 70°C, and 70-75°C? in PCR reactions?
90-95°C: more often, the hydrogen bonds in the double-stranded DNA become denatured by the heat, become first linear, and separate into single-stranded DNA templates. DNA is usually a double helix. The first PCR phase is denaturation, where the two DNA chains are separated by heating at temperatures of 90 - 95 degrees centigrade in a test tube.
50- 70°C: The temperatures between 50- 70°C in PCR reactions allow the annealing of the primers, herby, marking the second PCR phase. Normally, primers cannot bind or anneal to the strands of DNA at a temperature of denaturation, which makes it reasonable to adjust such temperatures to 50- 70°C.
70- 75°C: The temperature at this point allows the heat to stabilize DNA polymerase to extend the primers by adding nucleotides to the 3'ends in every growing strand. The PCR reaction at these temperatures involves the elongation of the primers where new strands are synthesized by creating copies of the templates, as mediated by Taq polymerase, which is usually added to the PCR.
Question 4 (3 points): Computing the frequency of the U’s and G’s of each amino acid
3U = 4/5 x 4/5 x 4/5 = 64/125 = 51.2%.
2U:1G (which could be GUU, UGU, or UUG) = 4/5 x 4/5 x 1/5 = 16/125 = 12.8%.
1U:2G (UGG, GUG, or GGU) = 4/5 x 1/5 x 1/5 = 4/125 = 3.2%.
3G = 1/5 x 1/5 x 1/5 = 1/125 = 0.8%.
Phenylalanine: UUU Valine: 2U:1G.
Leucine: 2U:1G
Cysteine: 2U:1G
Glycine: 1U:2G
Tryptophan: 1U:2G
However, it must be noted that the precise order of 2U:1G to produce each amino acid is unknown in valine, leucine, and cysteine, glycine and tryptophan
Question 5(3) points
* Filling the table.
Genotype

BV

G

GCV

E

P

BBeeAaVVEerrSS

8(+6) + 6(- 3) = 48 – 18 = 30

5(+12) + 2(-6) = 60 – 12 = 48

48 – 30 = 18

+13

700 + 30 + 18 + 13 = 761 lb

BbEeAaVvEeRrSs

7(+6) + 7(- 3) = 42 – 21 = 21

7(+12) = 84

84 – 21 = 63

-18

700 + 21 + 63 – 18 = 766 lb

b.heaviest individuals and explanations
Individual 2 with BbEeAaVvEeRrSs is heavier ...