Aspects of Oedipus the King's Personality

For this assignment, choose one (1) of the following options and write a 1-page essay in response to the prompt. Whichever option you choose, use examples from the text to back up your points, but keep these brief and concentrate on the explanations.
Option 1: Oedipus the King
The ancient Greeks believed strongly in the concept of fate, and that the gods who ordered the universe were in control of every human's destiny. But by the time of Sophocles, many were questioning the ancient wisdom. Sophocles seems to be arguing in this play that even though the gods have created our destiny before we are born, we achieve that destiny as the result of our own actions. He uses Oedipus as an example of how our own personalities lead us to the destiny decreed for us. Pride (hubris) is Oedipus's fatal flaw. It's the root of his anger and “blindness” (his unwillingness or inability to face the truth). Together these three character traits bring about Oedipus’s tragic destiny
Sophocles Writing Assignment
Due Mar 8 by 11:59pm Points 20 Submitting an external tool Available Feb 16 at 12am - Mar 8 at 11:59pm 21 days
For this assignment, choose one (1) of the following options and write a 1-page essay in response to the prompt. Whichever option you choose, use examples from the text to back up your points, but keep these brief and concentrate on the explanations.
Option 1: Oedipus the King
The ancient Greeks believed strongly in the concept of fate, and that the gods who ordered the universe were in control of every human's destiny. But by the time of Sophocles, many were questioning the ancient wisdom. Sophocles seems to be arguing in this play that even though the gods have created our destiny before we are born, we achieve that destiny as the result of our own actions. He uses Oedipus as an example of how our own personalities lead us to the destiny decreed for us. Pride (hubris) is Oedipus's fatal flaw. It's the root of his anger and “blindness” (his unwillingness or inability to face the truth). Together these three character traits bring about Oedipus’s tragic destiny.
Write an essay (250 words minimum) identifying moments in the play where he says or does things that reveal each one of these three aspects of his personality. Since the connections are not made explicit in the play, you might try to explain as if you were a prosecutor telling a jury how this man could indeed have committed the crimes he's charged with (though of course you're actually explaining how his own actions bring about his downfall and make the prophecies come true)
Reading: Oedipus the King Day 1
Provided by The Internet Classics Archive.
See bottom for copyright. Available online at
http://classics(dot)mit(dot)edu//Sophocles/oedipus.html
Oedipus the King (1-750)
By Sophocles
Translated by F. Storr
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dramatis Personae
OEDIPUS
THE PRIEST OF ZEUS
CREON
CHORUS OF THEBAN ELDERS
TEIRESIAS
JOCASTA
MESSENGER
HERD OF LAIUS
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Thebes. Before the Palace of Oedipus. Suppliants of all ages are seated
round the altar at the palace doors, at their head a PRIEST OF ZEUS.
To them enter OEDIPUS.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
OEDIPUS My children, latest born to Cadmus old,
Why sit ye here as suppliants, in your hands
Branches of olive filleted with wool?
What means this reek of incense everywhere,
And everywhere laments and litanies?
Children, it were not meet that I should learn
From others, and am hither come, myself,
I Oedipus, your world-renowned king.
Ho! aged sire, whose venerable locks
Proclaim thee spokesman of this company,
Explain your mood and purport. Is it dread
Of ill that moves you or a boon ye crave?
My zeal in your behalf ye cannot doubt;
Ruthless indeed were I and obdurate
If such petitioners as you I spurned.
PRIEST Yea, Oedipus, my sovereign lord and king,
Thou seest how both extremes of age besiege
Thy palace altars--fledglings hardly winged,
And greybeards bowed with years, priests, as am I
Of Zeus, and these the flower of our youth.
Meanwhile, the common folk, with wreathed boughs
Crowd our two market-places, or before
Both shrines of Pallas congregate, or where
Ismenus gives his oracles by fire.
For, as thou seest thyself, our ship of State,
Sore buffeted, can no more lift her head,
Foundered beneath a weltering surge of blood.
A blight is on our harvest in the ear,
A blight upon the grazing flocks and herds,
A blight on wives in travail; and withal
Armed with his blazing torch the God of plague
Hath swooped upon our city emptying
The house of Cadmus, and the murky realm
Of Pluto is full fed with groans and tears.
Therefore, O King, here at thy hearth we sit,
I and these children; not as deeming thee
A new divinity, but the first of men;
First in the common accidents of life,
And first in visitations of the Gods.
Art thou not he who coming to the town
Of Cadmus freed us from the tax we paid
To the fell songstress? Nor hadst thou received
Prompting from us or been by others schooled;
No, by a god inspired (so all men deem,
And testify) didst thou renew our life.
And now, O Oedipus, our peerless king,
All we thy votaries beseech thee, find
Some succor, whether by a voice from heaven
Whispered, or haply known by human wit.
Tried counselors, methinks, are aptest found
To furnish for the future pregnant rede.
Upraise, O chief of men, upraise our State!
Look to thy laurels! for thy zeal of yore
Our country's savior thou art justly hailed:
O never may we thus record thy reign:--
"He raised us up only to cast us down."
Uplift us, build our city on a rock.
Thy happy star ascendant brought us luck,
O let it not decline! If thou wouldst rule
This land, as now thou reignest, better sure
To rule a peopled than a desert realm.
Nor battlements nor galleys aught avail,
If men to man and guards to guard them tail.
OEDIPUS Ah! my poor children, known, ah, known too well,
The quest that brings you hither and your need.
Ye sicken all, well wot I, yet my pain,
how great soever yours, outtops it all.
Your sorrow touches each man severally,
Him and none other, but I grieve at once
Both for the general and myself and you.
Therefore ye rouse no sluggard from day-dreams.
Many, my children, are the tears I've wept,
And threaded many a maze of weary thought.
Thus pondering one clue of hope I caught,
And tracked it up; I have sent Menoeceus' son,
Creon, my consort's brother, to inquire
Of Pythian Phoebus at his Delphic shrine,
how I might save the State by act or word.
And now I reckon up the tale of days
Since he set forth, and marvel how he fares.
'Tis strange, this endless tarrying, PASSing strange.
But when he comes, then I were base indeed,
If I perform not all the god declares.
PRIEST Thy words are well timed; even as thou speakest
That shouting tells me Creon is at hand.
OEDIPUS O King Apollo! may his joyous looks
Be presage of the joyous news he brings!
PRIEST As I surmise, 'tis welcome; else his head
Had scarce been crowned with berry-laden bays.
OEDIPUS We soon shall know; he's now in earshot range. (Enter CREON.)
My royal cousin, say, Menoeceus' child,
What message hast thou brought us from the god?
CREON Good news, for e'en intolerable ills,
Finding right issue, tend to naught but good.
OEDIPUS how runs the oracle? thus far thy words
Give me no ground for confidence or fear.
CREON If thou wouldst hear my message publicly,
I'll tell thee straight, or with thee PASS within.
OEDIPUS Speak before all; the burden that I bear
Is more for these my subjects than myself.
CREON Let me report then all the god declared.
King Phoebus bids us straitly extirpate
A fell pollution that infests the land,
And no more harbor an inveterate sore.
OEDIPUS What expiation means he? What's amiss?
CREON Banishment, or the shedding blood for blood.
This stain of blood makes shipwreck of our state.
OEDIPUS Whom can he mean, the miscreant thus denounced?
CREON Before thou didst assume the helm of State,
The sovereign of this land was Laius.
OEDIPUS I heard as much, but never saw the man.
CREON He fell; and now the god's command is plain:
Punish his takers-off, whoe'er they be.
OEDIPUS Where are they? Where in the wide world to find
The far, faint traces of a bygone crime?
CREON In this land, said the god; "who seeks shall find;
Who sits with folded hands or sleeps is blind."
OEDIPUS Was he within his palace, or afield,
Or traveling, when Laius met his fate?
CREON Abroad; he started, so he told us, bound
For Delphi, but he never thence returned.
OEDIPUS Came there no news, no fellow-traveler
To give some clue that might be followed up?
CREON But one escape, who flying for dear life,
Could tell of all he saw but one thing sure.
OEDIPUS And what was that? One clue might lead us far,
With but a spark of hope to guide our quest.
CREON Robbers, he told us, not one bandit but
A troop of knaves, attacked and murdered him.
OEDIPUS Did any bandit dare so bold a stroke,
Unless indeed he were suborned from Thebes?
CREON So 'twas surmised, but none was found to avenge
His murder mid the trouble that ensued.
OEDIPUS What trouble can have hindered a full quest,
When royalty had fallen thus miserably?
CREON The riddling Sphinx compelled us to let slide
The dim past and attend to instant needs.
OEDIPUS Well, I will start afresh and once again
Make dark things clear. Right worthy the concern
Of Phoebus, worthy thine too, for the dead;
I also, as is meet, will lend my aid
To avenge this wrong to Thebes and to the god.
Not for some far-off kinsman, but myself,
Shall I expel this poison in the blood;
For whoso slew that king might have a mind
To strike me too with his assassin hand.
Therefore in righting him I serve myself.
Up, children, haste ye, quit these altar stairs,
Take hence your suppliant wands, go summon hither
The Theban commons. With the god's good help
Success is sure; 'tis ruin if we fail. (Exeunt OEDIPUS and CREON.)
PRIEST Come, children, let us hence; these gracious words
Forestall the very purpose of our suit.
And may the god who sent this oracle
Save us withal and rid us of this pest. (Exeunt PRIEST and SUPPLIANTS.)
CHORUS (strophe 1)
Sweet-voiced daughter of Zeus from thy gold-paved Pythian shrine
Wafted to Thebes divine,
What dost thou bring me? My soul is racked and shivers with fear.
Healer of Delos, hear!
Hast thou some pain unknown before,
Or with the circling years renewest a penance of yore?
Offspring of golden Hope, thou voice immortal, O tell me.
(antistrophe 1)
First on Athene I call; O Zeus-born goddess, defend!
Goddess and sister, befriend,
Artemis, Lady of Thebes, high-throned in the midst of our mart!
Lord of the death-winged dart!
Your threefold aid I crave
From death and ruin our city to save.
If in the days of old when we nigh had perished, ye drave
From our land the fiery plague, be near us now and defend us!
(strophe 2)
Ah me, what countless woes are mine!
All our host is in decline;
Weaponless my spirit lies.
Earth her gracious fruits denies;
Women wail in barren throes;
Life on life downstriken goes,
Swifter than the wind bird's flight,
Swifter than the Fire-God's might,
To the westering shores of Night.
(antistrophe 2)
Wasted thus by death on death
All our city perisheth.
Corpses spread infection round;
None to tend or mourn is found.
Wailing on the altar stair
Wives and grandams rend the air--
Long-drawn moans and piercing cries
Blent with prayers and litanies.
Golden child of Zeus, O hear
Let thine angel face appear!
(strophe 3)
And grant that Ares whose hot breath I feel,
Though without targe or steel
He stalks, whose voice is as the battle shout,
May turn in sudden rout,
To the unharbored Thracian waters sped,
Or Amphitrite's bed.
For what night leaves undone,
Smit by the morrow's sun
Perisheth. Father Zeus, whose hand
doth wield the lightning brand,
Slay him beneath thy levin bold, we pray,
Slay him, O slay!
(antistrophe 3)
O that thine arrows too, Lycean King,
From that taut bow's gold string,
Might fly abroad, the champions of our rights;
Yea, and the flashing lights
Of Artemis, wherewith the huntress sweeps
Across the Lycian steeps.
Thee too I call with golden-snooded hair,
Whose name our land doth bear,
Bacchus to whom thy Maenads Evoe shout;
Come with thy bright torch, rout,
Blithe god whom we adore,
The god whom gods abhor. (Enter OEDIPUS.)
OEDIPUS Ye pray; 'tis well, but would ye hear my words
And heed them and apply the remedy,
Ye might perchance find comfort and relief.
Mind you, I speak as one who comes a stranger
To this report, no less than to the crime;
For how unaided could I track it far
Without a clue? Which lacking (for too late
Was I enrolled a citizen of Thebes)
This proclamation I address to all:--
Thebans, if any knows the man by whom
Laius, son of Labdacus, was slain,
I summon him to make clean shrift to me.
And if he shrinks, let him reflect that thus
Confessing he shall 'scape the capital charge;
For the worst penalty that shall befall him
Is banishment--unscathed he shall depart.
But if an alien from a foreign land
Be known to any as the murderer,
Let him who knows speak out, and he shall have
Due recompense from me and thanks to boot.
But if ye still keep silence, if through fear
For self or friends ye disregard my hest,
Hear what I then resolve; I lay my ban
On the assassin whosoe'er he be.
Let no man in this land, whereof I hold
The sovereign rule, harbor or speak to him;
Give him no part in prayer or sacrifice
Or lustral rites, but hound him from your homes.
For this is our defilement, so the god
Hath lately shown to me by oracles.
Thus as their champion I maintain the cause
Both of the god and of the murdered King.
And on the murderer this curse I lay
(On him and all the partners in his guilt):--
Wretch, may he pine in utter wretchedness!
And for myself, if with my privity
He gain admittance to my hearth, I pray
The curse I laid on others fall on me.
See that ye give effect to all my hest,
For my sake and the god's and for our land,
A desert blasted by the wrath of heaven.
For, let alone the god's express command,
It were a scandal ye should leave unpurged
The murder of a great man and your king,
Nor track it home. And now that I am lord,
Successor to his throne, his bed, his wife,
(And had he not been frustrate in the hope
Of issue, common children of one womb
Had forced a closer bond twixt him and me,
But Fate swooped down upon him), therefore I
His blood-avenger will maintain his cause
As though he were my sire, and leave no stone
Unturned to track the assassin or avenge
The son of Labdacus, of Polydore,
Of Cadmus, and Agenor first of the race.
And for the disobedient thus I pray:
May the gods send them neither timely fruits
Of earth, nor teeming increase of the womb,
But may they waste and pine, as now they waste,
Aye and worse stricken; but to all of you,
My loyal subjects who approve my acts,
May Justice, our ally, and all the gods
Be gracious and attend you evermore.
CHORUS The oath thou profferest, sire, I take and swear.
I slew him not myself, nor can I name
The slayer. For the quest, 'twere well, methinks
That Phoebus, who proposed the riddle, himself
Should give the answer--who the murderer was.
OEDIPUS Well argued; but no living man can hope
To force the gods to speak against their will.
CHORUS May I then say what seems next best to me?
OEDIPUS Aye, if there be a third best, tell it too.
CHORUS My liege, if any man sees eye to eye
With our lord Phoebus, 'tis our prophet, lord
Teiresias; he of all men best might guide
A searcher of this matter to the light.
OEDIPUS Here too my zeal has nothing lagged, for twice
At Creon's instance have I sent to fetch him,
And long I marvel why he is not here.
CHORUS I mind me too of rumors long ago--
Mere gossip.
OEDIPUS Tell them, I would fain know all.
CHORUS 'Twas said he fell by travelers.
OEDIPUS So I heard,
But none has seen the man who saw him fall.
CHORUS Well, if he knows what fear is, he will quail
And flee before the terror of thy curse.
OEDIPUS Words scare not him who blenches not at deeds.
CHORUS But here is one to arraign him. Lo, at length
They bring the god-inspired seer in whom
Above all other men is truth inborn. (Enter TEIRESIAS, led by a boy.)
OEDIPUS Teiresias, seer who comprehendest all,
Lore of the wise and hidden mysteries,
High things of heaven and low things of the earth,
Thou knowest, though thy blinded eyes see naught,
What plague infects our city; and we turn
To thee, O seer, our one defense and shield.
The purport of the answer that the God
Returned to us who sought his oracle,
The messengers have doubtless told thee--how
One course alone could rid us of the pest,
To find the murderers of Laius,
And slay them or expel them from the land.
Therefore begrudging neither augury
Nor other divination that is thine,
O save thyself, thy country, and thy king,
Save all from this defilement of blood shed.
On thee we rest. This is man's highest end,
To others' service all his powers to lend.
TEIRESIAS Alas, alas, what misery to be wise
When wisdom profits nothing! This old lore
I had forgotten; else I were not here.
OEDIPUS What ails thee? Why this melancholy mood?
TEIRESIAS Let me go home; prevent me not; 'twere best
That thou shouldst bear thy burden and I mine.
OEDIPUS For shame! no true-born Theban patriot
Would thus withhold the word of prophecy.
TEIRESIAS Thy words, O king, are wide of the mark, and I
For fear lest I too trip like thee...
OEDIPUS Oh speak,
Withhold not, I adjure thee, if thou know'st,
Thy knowledge. We are all thy suppliants.
TEIRESIAS Aye, for ye all are witless, but my voice
Will ne'er reveal my miseries--or thine.
OEDIPUS What then, thou knowest, and yet willst not speak!
Wouldst thou betray us and destroy the State?
TEIRESIAS I will not vex myself nor thee. Why ask
Thus idly what from me thou shalt not learn?
OEDIPUS Monster! thy silence would incense a flint.
Will nothing loose thy tongue? Can nothing melt thee,
Or shake thy dogged taciturnity?
TEIRESIAS Thou blam'st my mood and seest not thine own
Wherewith thou art mated; no, thou taxest me.
OEDIPUS And who could stay his choler when he heard
how insolently thou dost flout the State?
TEIRESIAS Well, it will come what will, though I be mute.
OEDIPUS Since come it must, thy duty is to tell me.
TEIRESIAS I have no more to say; storm as thou willst,
And give the rein to all thy pent-up rage.
OEDIPUS Yea, I am wroth, and will not stint my words,
But speak my whole mind. Thou methinks thou art he,
Who planned the crime, aye, and performed it too,
All save the assassination; and if thou
Hadst not been blind, I had been sworn to boot
That thou alone didst do the bloody deed.
TEIRESIAS Is it so? Then I charge thee to abide
By thine own proclamation; from this day
Speak not to these or me. Thou art the man,
Thou the accursed polluter of this land.
OEDIPUS Vile slanderer, thou blurtest forth these taunts,
And think'st forsooth as seer to go scot free.
TEIRESIAS Yea, I am free, strong in the strength of truth.
OEDIPUS Who was thy teacher? not methinks thy art.
TEIRESIAS Thou, goading me against my will to speak.
OEDIPUS What speech? repeat it and resolve my doubt.
TEIRESIAS Didst miss my sense wouldst thou goad me on?
OEDIPUS I but half caught thy meaning; say it again.
TEIRESIAS I say thou art the murderer of the man
Whose murderer thou pursuest.
OEDIPUS Thou shalt rue it
Twice to repeat so gross a calumny.
TEIRESIAS Must I say more to aggravate thy rage?
OEDIPUS Say all thou wilt; it will be but waste of breath.
TEIRESIAS I say thou livest with thy nearest kin
In infamy, unwitting in thy shame.
OEDIPUS Think'st thou for aye unscathed to wag thy tongue?
TEIRESIAS Yea, if the might of truth can aught prevail.
OEDIPUS With other men, but not with thee, for thou
In ear, wit, eye, in everything art blind.
TEIRESIAS Poor fool to utter gibes at me which all
Here present will cast back on thee ere long.
OEDIPUS Offspring of endless Night, thou hast no power
O'er me or any man who sees the sun.
TEIRESIAS No, for thy weird is not to fall by me.
I leave to Apollo what concerns the god.
OEDIPUS Is this a plot of Creon, or thine own?
TEIRESIAS Not Creon, thou thyself art thine own bane.
OEDIPUS O wealth and empiry and skill by skill
Outwitted in the battlefield of life,
What spite and envy follow in your train!
See, for this crown the State conferred on me.
A gift, a thing I sought not, for this crown
The trusty Creon, my familiar friend,
Hath lain in wait to oust me and suborned
This mountebank, this juggling charlatan,
This tricksy beggar-priest, for gain alone
Keen-eyed, but in his proper art stone-blind.
Say, sirrah, hast thou ever proved thyself
A prophet? When the riddling Sphinx was here
Why hadst thou no deliverance for this folk?
And yet the riddle was not to be solved
By guess-work but required the prophet's art;
Wherein thou wast found lacking; neither birds
Nor sign from heaven helped thee, but I came,
The simple Oedipus; I stopped her mouth
By mother wit, untaught of auguries.
This is the man whom thou wouldst undermine,
In hope to reign with Creon in my stead.
Methinks that thou and thine abettor soon
Will rue your plot to drive the scapegoat out.
Thank thy grey hairs that thou hast still to learn
What chastisement such arrogance deserves.
CHORUS To us it seems that both the seer and thou,
O Oedipus, have spoken angry words.
This is no time to wrangle but consult
how best we may fulfill the oracle.
TEIRESIAS King as thou art, free speech at least is mine
To make reply; in this I am thy peer.
I own no lord but Loxias; him I serve
And ne'er can stand enrolled as Creon's man.
Thus then I answer: since thou hast not spared
To twit me with my blindness--thou hast eyes,
Yet see'st not in what misery thou art fallen,
Nor where thou dwellest nor with whom for mate.
Dost know thy lineage? Nay, thou know'st it not,
And all unwitting art a double foe
To thine own kin, the living and the dead;
Aye and the dogging curse of mother and sire
One day shall drive thee, like a two-edged sword,
Beyond our borders, and the eyes that now
See clear shall henceforward endless night.
Ah whither shall thy bitter cry not reach,
What crag in all Cithaeron but shall then
Reverberate thy wail, when thou hast found
With what a hymeneal thou wast borne
Home, but to no fair haven, on the gale!
Aye, and a flood of ills thou guessest not
Shall set thyself and children in one line.
Flout then both Creon and my words, for none
Of mortals shall be striken worse than thou.
OEDIPUS Must I endure this fellow's insolence?
A murrain on thee! Get thee hence! Begone
Avaunt! and never cross my threshold more.
TEIRESIAS I ne'er had come hadst thou not bidden me.
OEDIPUS I know not thou wouldst utter folly, else
Long hadst thou waited to be summoned here.
TEIRESIAS Such am I--as it seems to thee a fool,
But to the parents who begat thee, wise.
OEDIPUS What sayest thou--"parents"? Who begat me, speak?
TEIRESIAS This day shall be thy birth-day, and thy grave.
OEDIPUS Thou lov'st to speak in riddles and dark words.
TEIRESIAS In reading riddles who so skilled as thou?
OEDIPUS Twit me with that wherein my greatness lies.
TEIRESIAS And yet this very greatness proved thy bane.
OEDIPUS No matter if I saved the commonwealth.
TEIRESIAS 'Tis time I left thee. Come, boy, take me home.
OEDIPUS Aye, take him quickly, for his presence irks
And lets me; gone, thou canst not plague me more.
TEIRESIAS I go, but first will tell thee why I came.
Thy frown I dread not, for thou canst not harm me.
Hear then: this man whom thou hast sought to arrest
With threats and warrants this long while, the wretch
Who murdered Laius--that man is here.
He PASSes for an alien in the land
But soon shall prove a Theban, native born.
And yet his fortune brings him little joy;
For blind of seeing, clad in beggar's weeds,
For purple robes, and leaning on his staff,
To a strange land he soon shall grope his way.
And of the children, inmates of his home,
He shall be proved the brother and the sire,
Of her who bare him son and husband both,
Co-partner, and assassin of his sire.
Go in and ponder this, and if thou find
That I have missed the mark, henceforth declare
I have no wit nor skill in prophecy. (Exeunt TEIRESIAS and OEDIPUS.)
CHORUS (strophe 1)
Who is he by voice immortal named from Pythia's rocky cell,
Doer of foul deeds of bloodshed, horrors that no tongue can tell?
A foot for flight he needs
Fleeter than storm-swift steeds,
For on his heels doth follow,
Armed with the lightnings of his Sire, Apollo.
Like sleuth-hounds too
The Fates pursue.
(antistrophe 1)
Yea, but now flashed forth the summons from Parnassus' snowy peak,
"Near and far the undiscovered doer of this murder seek!"
Now like a sullen bull he roves
Through forest brakes and upland groves,
And vainly seeks to fly
The doom that ever nigh
Flits o'er his head,
Still by the avenging Phoebus sped,
The voice divine,
From Earth's mid shrine.
(strophe 2)
Sore perplexed am I by the words of the master seer.
Are they true, are they false? I know not and bridle my tongue for
fear,
Fluttered with vague surmise; nor present nor future is clear.
Quarrel of ancient date or in days still near know I none
Twixt the Labdacidan house and our ruler, Polybus' son.
Proof is there none: how then can I challenge our King's good name,
how in a blood-feud join for an untracked deed of shame?
(antistrophe 2)
All wise are Zeus and Apollo, and nothing is hid from their ken;
They are gods; and in wits a man may surPASS his fellow men;
But that a mortal seer knows more than I know--where
Hath this been proven? Or how without sign assured, can I blame
Him who saved our State when the winged songstress came,
tested and tried in the light of us all, like gold assayed?
how can I now assent when a crime is on Oedipus laid?
CREON Friends, countrymen, I learn King Oedipus
Hath laid against me a most grievous charge,
And come to you protesting. If he deems
That I have harmed or injured him in aught
By word or deed in this our present trouble,
I care not to prolong the span of life,
Thus ill-reputed; for the calumny
Hits not a single blot, but blasts my name,
If by the general voice I am denounced
False to the State and false by you my friends.
CHORUS This taunt, it well may be, was blurted out
In petulance, not spoken advisedly.
CREON Did any dare pretend that it was I
Prompted the seer to utter a forged charge?
CHORUS Such things were said; with what intent I know not.
CREON Were not his wits and vision all astray
When upon me he fixed this monstrous charge?
CHORUS I know not; to my sovereign's acts I am blind.
But lo, he comes to answer for himself. (Enter OEDIPUS.)
OEDIPUS Sirrah, what mak'st thou here? Dost thou presume
To approach my doors, thou brazen-faced rogue,
My murderer and the filcher of my crown?
Come, answer this, didst thou detect in me
Some touch of cowardice or witlessness,
That made thee undertake this enterprise?
I seemed forsooth too simple to perceive
The serpent stealing on me in the dark,
Or else too weak to scotch it when I saw.
This thou art witless seeking to possess
Without a following or friends the crown,
A prize that followers and wealth must win.
CREON Attend me. Thou hast spoken, 'tis my turn
To make reply. Then having heard me, judge.
OEDIPUS Thou art glib of tongue, but I am slow to learn
Of thee; I know too well thy venomous hate.
CREON First I would argue out this very point.
OEDIPUS O argue not that thou art not a rogue.
CREON If thou dost count a virtue stubbornness,
Unschooled by reason, thou art much astray.
OEDIPUS If thou dost hold a kinsman may be wronged,
And no pains follow, thou art much to seek.
CREON Therein thou judgest rightly, but this wrong
That thou allegest--tell me what it is.
OEDIPUS Didst thou or didst thou not advise that I
Should call the priest?
CREON Yes, and I stand to it.
OEDIPUS Tell me how long is it since Laius...
CREON Since Laius...? I follow not thy drift.
OEDIPUS By violent hands was spirited away.
CREON In the dim past, a many years agone.
OEDIPUS Did the same prophet then pursue his craft?
CREON Yes, skilled as now and in no less repute.
OEDIPUS Did he at that time ever glance at me?
CREON Not to my knowledge, not when I was by.
OEDIPUS But was no search and inquisition made?
CREON Surely full quest was made, but nothing learnt.
OEDIPUS Why failed the seer to tell his story then?
CREON I know not, and not knowing hold my tongue.
OEDIPUS This much thou knowest and canst surely tell.
CREON What's mean'st thou? All I know I will declare.
OEDIPUS But for thy prompting never had the seer
Ascribed to me the death of Laius.
CREON If so he thou knowest best; but I
Would put thee to the question in my turn.
OEDIPUS Question and prove me murderer if thou canst.
CREON Then let me ask thee, didst thou wed my sister?
OEDIPUS A fact so plain I cannot well deny.
CREON And as thy consort queen she shares the throne?
OEDIPUS I grant her freely all her heart desires.
CREON And with you twain I share the triple rule?
OEDIPUS Yea, and it is that proves thee a false friend.
CREON Not so, if thou wouldst reason with thyself,
As I with myself. First, I bid thee think,
Would any mortal choose a troubled reign
Of terrors rather than secure repose,
If the same power were given him? As for me,
I have no natural craving for the name
Of king, preferring to do kingly deeds,
And so thinks every sober-minded man.
Now all my needs are satisfied through thee,
And I have naught to fear; but were I king,
My acts would oft run counter to my will.
how could a title then have charms for me
Above the sweets of boundless influence?
I am not so infatuate as to grasp
The shadow when I hold the substance fast.
Now all men cry me Godspeed! wish me well,
And every suitor seeks to gain my ear,
If he would hope to win a grace from thee.
Why should I leave the better, choose the worse?
That were sheer madness, and I am not mad.
No such ambition ever tempted me,
Nor would I have a share in such intrigue.
And if thou doubt me, first to Delphi go,
There ascertain if my report was true
Of the god's answer; next investigate
If with the seer I plotted or conspired,
And if it prove so, sentence me to death,
Not by thy voice alone, but mine and thine.
But O condemn me not, without appeal,
On bare suspicion. 'Tis not right to adjudge
Bad men at random good, or good men bad.
I would as lief a man should cast away
The thing he counts most precious, his own life,
As spurn a true friend. Thou wilt learn in time
The truth, for time alone reveals the just;
A villain is detected in a day.
CHORUS To one who walketh warily his words
Commend themselves; swift counsels are not sure.
OEDIPUS When with swift strides the stealthy plotter stalks
I must be quick too with my counterplot.
To wait his onset PASSively, for him
Is sure success, for me assured defeat.
CREON What then's thy will? To banish me the land?
OEDIPUS I would not have thee banished, no, but dead,
That men may mark the wages envy reaps.
CREON I see thou wilt not yield, nor credit me.
OEDIPUS None but a fool would credit such as thou.
CREON Thou art not wise.
OEDIPUS Wise for myself at least.
CREON Why not for me too?
OEDIPUS Why for such a knave?
CREON Suppose thou lackest sense.
OEDIPUS Yet kings must rule.
CREON Not if they rule ill.
OEDIPUS Oh my Thebans, hear him!
CREON Thy Thebans? am not I a Theban too?
CHORUS Cease, princes; lo there comes, and none too soon,
Jocasta from the palace. Who so fit
As peacemaker to reconcile your feud? (Enter JOCASTA.)
JOCASTA Misguided princes, why have ye upraised
This wordy wrangle? Are ye not ashamed,
While the whole land lies striken, thus to voice
Your private injuries? Go in, my lord;
Go home, my brother, and forebear to make
A public scandal of a petty grief.
CREON My royal sister, Oedipus, thy lord,
Hath bid me choose (O dread alternative!)
An outlaw's exile or a felon's death.
OEDIPUS Yes, lady; I have caught him practicing
Against my royal person his vile arts.
CREON May I ne'er speed but die accursed, if I
In any way am guilty of this charge.
JOCASTA Believe him, I adjure thee, Oedipus,
First for his solemn oath's sake, then for mine,
And for thine elders' sake who wait on thee.
CHORUS (strophe 1)
Hearken, King, reflect, we pray thee, but not stubborn but relent.
OEDIPUS Say to what should I consent?
CHORUS Respect a man whose probity and troth
Are known to all and now confirmed by oath.
OEDIPUS Dost know what grace thou cravest?
CHORUS Yea, I know.
OEDIPUS Declare it then and make thy meaning plain.
CHORUS Brand not a friend whom babbling tongues assail;
Let not suspicion 'gainst his oath prevail.
OEDIPUS Bethink you that in seeking this ye seek
In very sooth my death or banishment?
CHORUS No, by the leader of the host divine!
(strophe 2)
Witness, thou Sun, such thought was never mine,
Unblest, unfriended may I perish,
If ever I such wish did cherish!
But O my heart is desolate
Musing on our striken State,
Doubly fall'n should discord grow
Twixt you twain, to crown our woe.
OEDIPUS Well, let him go, no matter what it cost me,
Or certain death or shameful banishment,
For your sake I relent, not his; and him,
Where'er he be, my heart shall still abhor.
CREON Thou art as sullen in thy yielding mood
As in thine anger thou wast truculent.
Such tempers justly plague themselves the most.
OEDIPUS Leave me in peace and get thee gone.
CREON I go,
By thee misjudged, but justified by these. (Exeunt CREON.)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright statement:
The Internet Classics Archive by Daniel C. Stevenson, Web Atomics.
World Wide Web presentation is copyright (C) 1994-2000, Daniel
C. Stevenson, Web Atomics.
All rights reserved under international and pan-American copyright
conventions, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part
in any form. Direct permission requests to
Translation of "The Deeds of the Divine Augustus" by Augustus is
copyright (C) Thomas Bushnell, BSG.