Security studies Social Sciences Coursework Paper Essay

Course work on Energy Interaction
Student’s Name
Institution
Security Studies
Energy Interaction
The earth's surface composes of many elements occupying space and having mass. These elements respond differently to electromagnetic energy. The different kinds of responses, technically termed as energy interaction, are of great significance in distinguishing objects on the earth's surface, land, and sea. The types of responses include reflection, refraction, emission, and absorption. Reflection is a property of light to bounce back or be redirected on reaching a surface. The property is unique for different kinds of surfaces. Remote sensing experts can distinguish different objects by assessing their reflectance characteristics.
Emission and absorption are other important properties of radiant energy that can be of significance in establishing objects of interest by studying the emission and absorption spectrum (Heřman & Zapletal, 2016). Scientists have learned that different materials emit radiant energy of different wavelengths when subjected to specific conditions, and this property can be used to identify objects of interest in an intelligence assignment. Similarly, the absorption spectrum of an object of interest can be established by shining a bright light on it. The energy levels in the emission spectrum help distinguish different objects. The absorption and emission properties are both unique, and one can be used in place of the other to identify objects of interest.
Resolution
Resolution a term used to refer to the ability to distinguish decisively the specifics of a particular image, object, or parts. To help understand the concept of resolution, take, for instance, the image of a moon observed with naked eyes compared to one observed under the telescope. The latter gives finner details of the heavenly body that are not possible to see with naked eyes. In that case, the telescope has a higher resolution compared to one’s naked eyes. The concept is dominant in Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT), and remote sensing. With respect to the above disciplines, the four principal measures of resolution are spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric.
Spatial resolution is a single-valued measurement that represents the pixels by square area. Depending on the sensor capabilities, spatial resolution can give even finer details of the object being observed (Earth Lab, 2017). The spectral resolution makes use of the wavelength in an electromagnetic spectrum to determine the clarity of the object. A band with a narrower wavelength gives the finest spectral resolution (Earth Lab, 2017). Temporal resolution introduces the time aspect. When objects or images on the same geographical location are focused, the time taken to emit photons significantly varies, playing a vital role in determining the temporal resolution (Chuvieco, 2016). Finally, the radiometric resolution express pixels in terms of bits to get the relevant information required for the desired resolution and the quality of the image.
Satellite Orbits
Satellite assumes different orbits to have varied views on the earth surfaces. Based on altitudes, eccentricity, and inclinations, four distinct s...