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Essay Available:
Pages:
4 pages/β‰ˆ1100 words
Sources:
1 Source
Style:
APA
Subject:
Psychology
Type:
Coursework
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 20.74
Topic:

What Problem Was Studied, And Why?

Coursework Instructions:

OPTIONAL ESSAY: Students can choose to write a 4-page assignment, which will be worth 15% of their final grade. For students who choose to write an essay, the in-class test will be worth 35% of their final grade, and the final exam will be worth 50% of their final grade. These papers will be graded by the T.A.s. You can make an appointment with the relevant T.A. (Yixian Li for last names A to L, Chris Kowalski for last names M to Z) to discuss the paper if you wish.
The essay should be a maximum of 1200 words (4 double-spaced pages) of text, plus a title page (name, student number, topic/title) and a references page.
Please submit the paper using one of these file types: Word, PDF, or RTF.
Your essay must describe in your own words one of the key terms from the textbook listed below.
Possible topics/concepts (choose 1):
Availability heuristic Benevolent sexism Correspondence bias Counterfactual thoughts Deindividuation Effort justification Evaluative conditioning False consensus effect Gender-based stereotyping Hindsight bias Illusory correlation Impression management Mere exposure effect Overjustification effect Planning fallacy
Self-handicapping Self-serving judgments Social loafing
Part 1: Explain the concept and why it is important.
Part 2:
Find one recent (i.e., published within the last 5 years) peer-reviewed academic journal article describing original research about the social psychological concept you have chosen. This experiment should NOT be one that is described in the textbook or presented in class.
In your own words, summarize the following aspects of the article:
a) Purpose of the article – What problem was studied, and why? How does this study relate to, and go beyond, past investigations of the problem? What questions did the researchers hope to answer with this study?
b) Methods of the article – Who were the participants involved in the study, and how many? How were the hypotheses translated into testable questions? (i.e., what were the independent variable(s) and dependent variable(s)?) What were participants asked to do? How were their responses measured?
c) Findings of the article – What were the main results? Was the author’s hypothesis supported? What are the implications of these findings? Are they consistent with previous findings? What did the authors conclude?
Note: Direct quotations are not permitted – you must paraphrase using your own words, and cite your source properly in APA format. To avoid plagiarizing, my recommendation is to put the article completely out of sight when writing a description of it. This requires reading the article in enough detail that you understand it well enough to explain the gist of it to a friend. After you’ve finished summarizing the article, take another look at it to make sure you’ve got all the facts correct.
Part 3: Provide one example of the concept in real life, taken from your own experiences. This does not necessarily mean that you were personally involved, but it must be from your life. For example, the event might have involved someone in your family or a friend. You must explain how your example illustrates the concept. Why is your example a good one? Try to choose an experience that was interesting or significant, as opposed to a mundane, every-day event.
At the end of the paper, list all articles or chapters that you have cited in the paper. Use the same style as the references at the back of the textbook (i.e., APA format).
Marks will be based on the clarity and accuracy of the explanation of the concept and supporting experiment, the appropriateness and creativity of the chosen real life example, and the quality of writing. The T.A.s will mark these essays and can be consulted for guidance.
You must submit both a hard copy of your essay (to the professor or a TA) and an electronic copy to TurnItIn.com at the course website on OWL. Essays can be submitted anytime, but the last date for submission is November 15, 2018. If possible, the essays will be returned at the final exam.

Coursework Sample Content Preview:

Hindsight Bias
Name
Institution
Hindsight Bias
Hindsight bias, which is sometimes referred to as the knew-it-all-along phenomenon, is the proneness of people to overestimate their ability to predict a given outcome after it has occurred, although the possibility of the outcome being predicted is sometimes limited (Sutton & Douglas, 2013). It is caused by the ability of a person to adapt to an outcome such that even if the outcome is negative, they can adapt to the outcome by believing that they knew of the outcome all along before it even occurred. Further, hindsight bias is also caused by a high cognitive load and personal motivation, as opined by Sutton and Douglas (2013). As such, people are likely to perceive any outcome as if they had predicted it even if they did not, thus aligning the outcome with their expectations. It is, thus, a way of people trying to cope with outcomes, especially if they are negative outcomes, and to let them feel in control of the situations leading up to the outcome in question. Sutton and Douglas (2013) indicate that hindsight bias has an impact on how people perceive events in their real life. Hindsight bias has been shown in the health, legal, and even economic fields, thus making it an important phenomenon that requires the attention of scholars.
In line with this concept, a study was conducted by Chelley-Steeley, Kluger, &Steeley (2015) to examine how hindsight bias and earnings interact. In this study, the focus was in the field of economics and sports, which have more than often borrowed theories of human behaviors from social psychology to explain different phenomena.
Purpose of the Article
The article sought to examine how hindsight bias influences the confidence of traders in the financial markets by asking participants to predict or estimate the probabilities of certain events. This activity was then followed by the valuation of a state claim by the participants, who were later asked to recall their predictions once the events had been resolved. Further, the study also examined the level of hindsight bias based on the profits earned by the subjects in financial markets. This specific study did not only investigate the relationship between hindsight bias and overconfidence of traders in financial markets but also examined how earnings influenced the overconfidence arising from hindsight bias. The researchers, as such, sought to answer two questions:
1 To determine whether hindsight bias exists in financial markets trading and sporting events.
2 To examine the magnitude of hindsight bias in financial markets and sporting events based on the earnings of participants.
Methods of the Article
The participants involved in the study were masters' students from Aston Business School, either pursuing a master’s degree in Business Administration or Finance and Investments. The sample size constituted of 46 students with a maximum earning and an average earning of 34.67 and 22.55 GBP respectively. These participants were asked to predict the outcomes of certain events that often received media coverage by filling in a questionnaire and later, the subjects were asked to value an asset based on a specific event listed in the questionnaire. The valuation of ...
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