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Subject:
Psychology
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Topic:

Psychology of personality work.Answers must be put into your own words

Coursework Instructions:

This is the main textbook we are using
https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/22859-personality-theory/view
Answers must be put into your own words!! 
 You will be asked several short answer questions. Some will be answerable with a single term or phrase. Others may need to be answered in a couple of sentences. None of these answers should require more than three sentences.
Q1:  Professor Jones is conducting a study to see whether psychoanalytic treatment can lower one’s neuroticism. He assigns one group of participants to receive weekly psychoanalysis for 6 months, and another group to receive no treatment.  Please Identify the following:
-What is the Independent variable (1 point)?
-What is the Dependent variable (1 point)?
-Is this a Correlational, Observational, Experimental, or Quasi-Experimental study? Why? (2 points)
Q2 (4 points): Briefly describe the difference between nomothetic and idiographic research. 
Q3 (4 points): According to Freud, what functions do the id, ego, and superego serve in maintaining our personalities? 
Q4 (4 Points): Adler believed that individuals were always striving to overcome feelings of inferiority. Why did he believe this, and what could happen if we don’t find healthy ways to overcome these feelings of inferiority?
Q5 (4 Points): Karen Horney Describes a search for glory that many neurotic personalities engage in. What are the three main personality drives that arise from this search for glory? Briefly (one sentence each) describe each of them.
 Q6 (4 points): How did Winnicott conceptualize the true and the false self? What would likely cause the false self to arise? What was needed for the true self to emerge? 
Q7 (4 points): Define and give examples of two of the defenses in the list below (2 points each).
Denial Projection
Identification
Rationalization

Q8 (4 points): Erikson stressed the importance of having a Ratio of good to bad experiences when going through each of his stages of development. Why did he stress this? 
Q9 (4 points): How do Ego psychologists view the role and importance of the Ego, and how does this differ from Freud?
Q10 (4 points): What are the three core components of attachment that caregivers need to be able to do to help a child develop a secure attachment? 
Q11 (4 Points): How did Sigmund Freud and Karen Horney differ in their conceptualization of the idea of Penis Envy in women?
Q12 (4 points): Please list and briefly describe the five dimensions of the five-factor model of personality
Q13 (4 points): Maria is a two year old child who seems to cling to her mother at all times. She does not like to leave the room that the mother is in, and avoids strangers at all times. When she gets upset, her mother tries to console her, but often it takes a long time for her to calm down. What style of attachment does Maria seem to exhibit? Be specific and support your answer.  
Q14 (4 points):  Christian is an 18 year old who just started attending college. He grew up in a family who has always told him that he needed to be successful and get a high paying job. So Christian has entered college as a pre-med student. He does not think it is worth it to explore other possible careers or topics, so he avoids taking non-relevant electives. He also feels like he can only be friends with other pre-med students as well, as those are the ones who are most successful. According to Erikson, what kind of ego identity might Christian be in? Why? 
Q15 (4 Points): Connie is a lawyer who has devoted her career and her life to social justice and civil rights. She lives her life by the principles of equality. Her friends always described her as a loving, friendly, and passionate woman. And while she usually was loving and caring, she has been known to get really grumpy and unfriendly right in the morning when she hadn’t had her coffee. Using Allport’s ideas of Cardinal, Primary, and Secondary traits, list what traits Connie has that fit into each type of trait:
Cardinal:
Primary: 
Secondary:
Part 2: Essay Question. Choose one question below and write in depth about whichever one you pick. Roughly 3-4 paragraph. Please do not go over this amount. (20 points). 
Option 1: Freud and Erikson, conceptualized the human personality from birth differently, with each conceptualizing different stages and theories for them. How did each of these thinkers conceptualize infant personality and development right after birth? What were similar between the two thinkers, and what was different? Go into detail.
Option 2: Most psychoanalytic personality theorists think that our personality could never be fully knowable and is irrational. Most trait theorists think that the human personality is knowable and rational. Why is this so and how do these beliefs affect our understanding of what the human personality is? Give reasons why to support your explanation. Go into detail. 

Coursework Sample Content Preview:
This is the main textbook we are using
/authoring/22859-personality-theory/view
Answers must be put into your own words!!
You will be asked several short answer questions. Some will be answerable with a single term or phrase. Others may need to be answered in a couple of sentences. None of these answers should require more than three sentences.
Q1: Professor Jones is conducting a study to see whether psychoanalytic treatment can lower one’s neuroticism. He assigns one group of participants to receive weekly psychoanalysis for 6 months, and another group to receive no treatment. Please Identify the following:
-What is the Independent variable (1 point)?
The weekly psychoanalytic treatment.
-What is the Dependent variable (1 point)?
The effect psychoanalytic treatment has on neuroticism.
-Is this a Correlational, Observational, Experimental, or Quasi-Experimental study? Why? (2 points)
This is a quasi-experimental study because while participants are subjected to different conditions, they are not randomly assigned to either the treatment or control group.
Q2 (4 points): Briefly describe the difference between nomothetic and idiographic research.
Nomothetic research aims at generating general statements that make up for larger social patterns, which form the framework of individual behaviors, events, or experiences. On the other hand, idiographic research focuses on single events or cases to come up with a general portrait of a society or a particular group of people.
Q3 (4 points): According to Freud, what functions do the id, ego, and superego serve in maintaining our personalities?
The id drives our personality and strives to satisfy our primal urges, the ego ensures these basic urges are expressed in a socially acceptable manner and is in charge of dealing with reality, while the superego holds our internalized ideals and provides a course of action when making judgments.
Q4 (4 Points): Adler believed that individuals were always striving to overcome feelings of inferiority. Why did he believe this, and what could happen if we don’t find healthy ways to overcome these feelings of inferiority?
Adler believed that all individuals have feelings of inferiority that motivate them to strive towards developing their strengths. However, if one does not find healthy ways of overcoming these feelings of inferiority, they may end up feeling overwhelmed and develop an inferiority complex or overcompensate for these feelings of inferiority by developing an exaggerated opinion of their talents, a condition known as the superiority complex.
Q5 (4 Points): Karen Horney Describes a search for glory that many neurotic personalities engage in. What are the three main personality drives that arise from this search for glory? Briefly (one sentence each) describe each of them.
The three main personality drives are the desires that draw you towards others, the desires that alienate you from others, and the needs that put you at loggerheads with others. The first neurotic need pushes individuals to pursue approval and recognition from others. The second neurotic need causes individuals to display indifferent and antisocial tendencies. The third neurotic need pushes individuals to exhibit hos...
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