Civil Rights Movement Matrix. History Coursework.

Civil Rights Matrix
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Civil Rights Matrix
2. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Summary: It sought to counter the Separate Car Act of 1890. Plessy v. Ferguson of 1896 pioneered in inquiring what the equal-protection Fourteenth Amendment (1868) clause meant. The clause prohibited denial of equitable protection of laws by the state to people under their jurisdiction. Majority opinion issued a sanction to constitutional rules meant to achieve racial discrimination but never include the phrase “different but equal” (Luxenberg, 2019).
Significance: The case was to achieve separate facilities for the African Americans of equal value. It also showed that blacks were different from the whites and therefore had no right to access resources similar to those used by the whites like railroads (Deibel, 2018).
3. Jim Crow Laws
Summary: The laws maintained racial discrimination among people of different origins after the end of the Civil War. The initial requirement was a separation of the whites from “colored people” in schools and all means of transport. Later, the segregation was expounded to interactions and coexistence in all public places. Anybody suspected to have black roots faced Jim Crow laws to prevent contact between people of color and the whites and to create the perception that white people were superior to Africans (Gil & Marion 2018).
Significance: The Civil War ended with the Northern democrats' victory against slavery and the blacks became free. Therefore, the Southern Democrats actively passed the Jim Crow laws after the war in favor of the whites to maintain white dominance and impede blacks’ affluence (Gil & Marion 2019)
4. Segregation in the World Wars.
Summary: The Draft bodies of the Army entirely had the white men. Although there was no outline of segregation provisions under draft legislations, the African Americans had to tear off a corner of the registration cards for identification and separate induction (Lichter et al., 2016).
Significance: Segregation in the World War was to represent blacks as inferior. The government did not trust them with power or consider them patriotic (Shertzer, & Walsh, R. P.2019).
5. Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
Summary: The Court ruled that it was unfair to offer education separately between the races. It overturned the principle of the Plessy v. Ferguson case “separate but equal” notion. The rule suggested that it was equally not permissible to have separate public facilities based on races (Epps-Robertson 2016).
Significance: The case was significant in inspiring the civilian freedom organizations by Americans in the 1950s and 1960s. It also advocated for unity and peaceful coexistence without discriminations (Rubin 2016).
6. Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Summary: This was a civil rights demonstration in which the blacks declined to use the city buses in Montgomery. They protested against segregated seating. A black woman named Rosa Parks was arrested because she refused to yield her seat (Miller 2019).
Significance: Segregation of the blacks had become a n...