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Education
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Developmental Phases of Elementary Students Identified by Piaget and Vygotsky

Coursework Instructions:

As an educator, you will need to understand how students learn. This component of instructional planning is important because it provides a foundation and purpose for learning. Seminal theorists, or theorists who have significantly influenced the understanding of cognitive processes, is where you can start to grasp how students learn. Piaget and Vygotsky are only two of many developmental theorists who have dramatically influenced our understanding of student learning.
For this assignment, use the "Cognitive Development Table" to review the developmental phases of elementary students identified by Piaget and Vygotsky, including the following:
A brief definition of the cognitive development phase
A real-world example of the cognitive development concept that could be observed in an elementary classroom.
A developmentally appropriate learning activity for the cognitive development concept that could be applied in your classroom.
In a 250-500 word reflection, address the following:
Describe how the theories relate to elementary students’ development and readiness for learning.
Explain why it is important for educators to consider the cognitive development concepts when planning for instruction.
Explain how developmentally appropriate learning activities support memory, learning, and knowledge acquisition in elementary students.
Support your assignment with 2-3 scholarly resources.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented, using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
Study Material-
Essentials of Educational Psychology: Big Ideas to Guide Effective Teaching
Read Chapters 5-6

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Cognitive Development Table

Cognitive Development Concept

Definition

Example that Could be Observed in an Elementary Classroom

Developmentally Appropriate Learning Activity

Piaget

Sensorimotor stage

This is the first stage in the life of a child beginning from birth up to 2 years.

A child can use their senses to learn and interact with their surrounding

The child can play games such as Playing peekaboo or hide-and-seek.


Preoperational stage

This is the second stage of development that lasts up to 7 years.

The child uses symbols to represent words, images, and ideas.

The child can engage n role play as a way of learning


Concrete operations stage

This is the third stage that goes up to age 12.

The child is able to concentrate on several aspects of a situation at the same time.

The child can learn by building with blocks


Formal operations stage

This phase begin at the age of 12 and continues into adulthood.

The child begin to use deductive reasoning

The child is given the opportunity to look at many hypothetical questions


Assimilation

This refers to the development involves the adaptation of knowledge that is incorporated into the existing schema.

The child becomes more aware of their environment and is able to recognize even things they may have never seen but heard off.

The child will be introduced to arithmetic in stages.


Accommodation

This is an adaptation phase in which one changes their existing schemas or ideas.

A child may have an idea of birds, but then encounter a pane and would not confuse between the two.

Introducing the child to new ideas.


Equilibration

According to Piaget, equilibration encompassed both accommodation and assimilation.

The child asks several questions to adults around them.

Singing and reading to the child


Role of diversity

This refers to the impact of culture in creating developmental variations.

Cross cultural communication

Acknowledging and respecting every child

Vygotsky

Social construction of meaning

This implies that people gain knowledge and learn from each other in their sociocultural environments

This is seen through collaborative learning such as participating in groups

Learners are encouraged to develop their self-identity.


Mediated learning

Refers to the subtle social interaction between teacher and learner in the enrichment of the student's learning experience.

Asking questions in class and participating in various class activities

The teacher helps the learners achieve independence guiding them to learn new things.


Internalization

This describes a situation where the cognitive development of an individual is influenced by society as they embrace the morals and ethics of a community for themselves. 

The learner is able to observe, understand, and internalize issues

Learners should be guided to discover their own prec...
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