Smoking Cessation Program

Smoking Cessation Program
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Smoking Cessation Program
* Executive Summary
Tobacco use is the biggest avoidable cause of death and disease in the United States. Smoking raises the risk of several types of cancer, including lung, colorectal cancer, and liver. Smokers account for 85 percent of lung cancer cases. Furthermore, smoking raises the risk of cardiovascular disease and respiratory disorders (such as COPD). Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of stillbirth, miscarriage, preterm delivery, congenital abnormalities, and fetal development restriction (Fan et al., 2022). Abnormal lung function and infant death syndrome in children are among the pediatric and neonatal complications of cigarette smoking exposure.
Despite the severity of the illness and burden associated with smoking, 42.1 million individuals in the United States still smoke cigarettes. The matter makes quitting smoking one of the most essential but difficult acts a person can take to enhance their health, and most smokers attempt to quit multiple times before quitting for good. Smoking has developed to become a social norm. One of the essential primary care duties is assisting patients with smoking cessation, and the advantages of monitoring patients' smoking habits are well documented (Pistelli et al., 2020). There is significant evidence that behavioral therapies, either alone or in conjunction with medicine, increase smoking cessation outcomes. Behavioral therapies and medication are both effective and recommended, and combinations of interventions are even more so. The most successful and finest therapies are possible for the person.
* Behavior Theories
Behaviorism or Behavioral theories are concerned with how individuals learn to act in certain ways. The two popular schools of thinking that gave rise to behaviorism were operant conditioning and classical conditioning. The theory of operant conditioning narrates that conduct is modified by its consequences (i.e., punishment or rewards). Nicotine triggers a quick dopamine release, resulting in pleasurable feelings and sensations that reinforce and reward the behavior (Nahar et al., 2019). Addiction is propelled by reinforcement and pleasure.
Classical conditioning, on the other hand, refers to the process through which a person learns to associate two previously unrelated stimuli (for example, the famous experiment by Pavlov in which dogs learned to identify the sound of a bell with food). In smoking, a person may associate it with other events and experiences (such as drinking coffee or being in a stressful position). These circumstances would then induce a 'cue' and urges for their smoking behavior (Nahar et al., 2019). Behavioral theories of smoking cessation stress changing patterns and behaviors that signal a desire to smoke, substituting a more desired habit for smoking, and highlighting the long-term and immediate benefits of quitting and rewarding abstinence.
Social cognitive theory
According to social cognitive theory, people learn from one another through teaching, observation, or modeling. The theory expands on behaviorism by characterizing behavior as the product of mutual interactions between beh...