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Essay Available:
Pages:
9 pages/β‰ˆ2475 words
Sources:
Check Instructions
Style:
MLA
Subject:
Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Type:
Research Paper
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 46.66
Topic:

The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Drought Tolerance in Wheat

Research Paper Instructions:

Please confirm the topic with me, as I need to confirm with my professor before we start writing. Thank you;)
Here is the detail for research paper.
The research papers are designed to accomplish several objectives:
1. to introduce you to primary research literature in plant physiology. The majority of your paper will consist of interpreting, distilling, and synthesizing information from at least two recent (at least one of them must be in the last 5 years) primary research articles and one review article relevant to a very focused topic;
2. to give you a chance to delve into an area that you find particularly interesting, but that there isn’t time to discuss in depth during , and;
3. to provide a different avenue to show your talents—some people are just better at writing papers and analyzing data than at taking exams.
Format:
The papers are limited to a maximum of 5 standard pages of single-spaced text, not including any figures you care to include or references. Although you’ll be submitting them electronically as via Blackboard TurnItIn, you should assume that the printed version would have a type style no smaller than 11 pt, single-spaced, with 1-inch margins. I won’t be whipping out a ruler to measure, but I will get very grumpy if you try to cram a 10-page paper into 5 by using unreadable type sizes and 0.1 inch margins on legal-length paper!
Your paper should cover several areas:
What topic, specifically, are you are examining? This is only a five page paper, not a general review, so you must be extremely focused. For example: “toxicity of three phenolic compounds in Lameaceae on two insect herbivores” rather than “plant defenses”. You probably can’t write out your final topic until you have secured the papers you plan to use. NOTE: YOU MUST OK YOUR TOPIC WITH ME BEFORE YOU START TO WRITE!! Otherwise, you may waste a lot of time researching an inappropriate topic or one somebody else has already selected. You will be asking a question here (e.g. Are specific genes induced when flies fall into pitcher plants? Are certain insect species especially susceptible or resistant to specific secondary metabolites? What role does leaf-rolling have on chaparral plant survivorship in droughts? etc.).
In choosing your topic, I recommend first finding the review article(s) that cover the general area that interests you. You can go to PubMed or the Web of Science to find good review articles, or you can browse through some of the plant journals to get ideas. Journals specializing in up-to-date review papers in plant sciences include, for example, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology or Annual Review of Plant Biology, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, Trends in Plant Science, and others. Other excellent journals often have reviews in addition to their research articles, such as The Plant Cell, Plant Physiology, Plant Cell and Environment, The Plant Journal, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, International Journal of Plant Sciences, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, Journal of Plant Sciences, Journal of Plant Research, Journal of Plant Physiology, Plant and Cell Physiology, Plant Pathology, Plant Ecology, and many many others.
When you have chosen a general topic from the reviews, you may use that review to find relevant specific research articles that describe your detailed topic. You can either use articles cited in the review, or you can use PubMed or other web sites to find newer research articles that cite your review article in their references. You can also use the review to learn enough about the general topic to make an educated selection of the specific topic.
Context: The first part of the paper should include enough background and introductory information to make your topic understandable. Typically this part will only be 1 to 1 ½ pages, so you can’t include too much background. Be selective and keep to the specific topic area. Why is the question of interest? Why were the species particularly appropriate to your question? Are you comparing a question in two different plants, or a process studied using two different techniques?
The studies: In this section you will get into the general methods and approaches used in the research papers you have chosen, the data they collected, and conclusions of the authors. This part will be the major section of your paper, and this is where you’ll be distilling the papers into a condensed form. There should be enough detail here to allow the reader to understand how the research was done and what the results are without simply paraphrasing the entire research paper. There may be data in the paper that are not directly relevant to your question, so you can leave them out or give a one-sentence description of the result, leaving room for you to focus on the meat of your topic. The hardest part of this section is keeping it to about 3 pages!
Your conclusions: Here you will answer the question you put forward at the beginning, based on your reading of the research papers and ancillary material you have read. Do the papers agree, or do they present conflicting sides of the issue? Can the differences be explained by different species or techniques of varying quality (if you have a basis for judging this)?
References: As you all know, you must cite articles used to write your papers. You must have at least three (the review and two research papers) but frequently you’ll have several more as well. It should go without saying, but you cannot cut and paste from another source, and if you have taken a direct quote it must be clearly indicated. Even if you paraphrase a section you must cite the source. Otherwise it’s plagiarism and you’ll get a zero on the assignment; that’s no good for anyone. This part is not included in the 5-page maximum.
Supporting data: If you concentrate on certain sets of data from the research papers, you can include them (figures, tables, pictures) at the end for reference. You’ll need to be sure to cite them in the references section. This part is not included in the 5-page maximum.

Research Paper Sample Content Preview:
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The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Drought Tolerance in Wheat, Triticum aestivum L, and Spinach, Spinacia oleracea.
Introduction
Land plants such as wheat, Triticum aestivum L, and spinach, Spinacia oleracea are increasingly subjected to several abiotic stress factors, including heat, drought, and excessive salinity. Among the well-studied signaling molecules, which act as priming agents include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitric oxide (NO) which regulate the response of plants during stress conditions. Different chemical donors provide H2S and NO separately. However, NOSH is a novel chemical donor of both H2S and NO to land plants while NOSH-aspirin is critical in providing the molecule acetylsalicylic acid that is used for pharmaceutical purposes (Antoniou et al., 1). Cell signaling, which is triggered by hydrogen sulfide and NO activates several biochemical processes that lead to plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses (Da-Silva & Modolo 150). This current paper aims at investigating the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in drought-stressed Triticum aestivum L, and Spinacia oleracea. The paper proposes the novel role of the hydrogen sulfide molecule as an efficient plant priming agent against drought through the synchronized regulation of several defense mechanisms, thus providing an insight into the field of chemical priming research in the use of target-specific chemicals for enhancing stress tolerance in land plants such as wheat and spinach.
H2S and Drought Resistance in Wheat
Different land plants are increasingly subjected to a range of abiotic stresses, including drought, heavy metal toxicity, salinity, and stresses of high temperatures at various stages of their life cycle beginning from germination, seedling, and reproduction. As a way to protect themselves from different stresses, plants often release different signaling molecules, which initiates a cascade of events for stress-signaling, thus resulting in either plant acclimation or programmed cell death. The widely recognized gasotransmitter molecules play a critical role in gene expression regulation, cross-talking with other hormones, and posttranslational modification (PTM) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and NO (Paul & Roychoudhury 374). While the exact roles of H2S and NO in plants have for long remained unclear and that these molecules are species depended, several studies have found a positive link between the accumulation of the molecules and environmental stressors such as drought among land plants. These molecules also participate in various stress responses as well as acting antagonistically or synergistically as signaling chemicals, depending on their concentration (Paul & Roychoudhury 374). In general, according to da-Silva and Modolo (150), H2S triggers cell signaling that triggers several biochemical reactions which result in plant tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stressors.
There is little information available to describe the impact of exogenous H2S on the abscisic acid (ABA) pathway that results in the achievement of drought resistance in wheat plants. Ma et al (1) have investigated the physiological parameters, the ABA and H2S contents, and the t...
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