Sign In
Not register? Register Now!
Pages:
7 pages/β‰ˆ1925 words
Sources:
Check Instructions
Style:
MLA
Subject:
Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Type:
Research Paper
Language:
English (U.S.)
Document:
MS Word
Date:
Total cost:
$ 36.29
Topic:

Chronic Low Back Pain (LBP)

Research Paper Instructions:

Hi, thanks for helping last time.
This paper also needs to write in single-spaced.
Thank you :)
Here is the detail:
Dear students,
You are required to yet again flex your writing muscles and practice scientific writing, this time in the form of a mock research manuscript. As you may already know from reading primary literature, a great deal of effort goes into publishing a manuscript. You need to have a valid scientific question, a reliable approach, methods that can be replicated by others, rigorously acquired data, careful interpretation of said data, as well as the understanding of this data within the greater state of the research field. In other words, it takes years to do this and not a month!
However, what I would like you to do for this assignment is to imagine that you are a scientist who has done all the work and now are writing the manuscript. What is the work, you may ask? Below, I have included abstracts that you can choose from. Please pick any that you find interesting and that is the work that you have supposedly done and are writing about.
Please pick ONE of the following abstracts to write your mock manuscript on:
ABSTRACT 1:
Chronic low back pain (LBP) affects over 10% of the adult population and seriously decreases quality of life. The aging intervertebral disk (IVD) is prone to degeneration, which is associated with an increased risk of LBP. Physical activity influences IVD physiology. Animal studies show that cyclic loading increases proteoglycan synthesis in the disk suggesting a role for running exercise in disk repair. Additionally, an active lifestyle has been shown to either contribute to the onset of chronic pain onset or to be protective against chronic pain depending on the circumstances.
Total 2- to 3-month-old male SPARC-null and C57B wild type mice were used in this study. After recording baseline behavioral measurements, animals had free access to either a circular treadmill (exercise group) or a fixed nonrotating treadmill (control group) in their home cages. Axial LBP was assessed using the tail suspension test and radiating LBP was assessed using the acetone test for cold hypersensitivity in the hindpaw. SPARC-null mice exhibit signs of both axial and radiating LBP in these assays that is sensitive to pharmacological manipulation. Additional assays included tests for mechanical sensory thresholds and motor capacity. Tests were performed at 2 weeks and monthly thereafter.
After 2 months with access to running wheels, SPARC-null mice show significantly reduced cold sensitivity in the hindpaw compared to baseline (p < 0.05) and control group (p < 0.01) with no accompanying change in mechanical sensitivity, indicating a reduction of radiating pain. No effect on axial pain was detected in the tail suspension test, suggesting an effect specific to radiating pain.
Our results shed light on behavioral correlates of physical exercise on pain and motor function in an animal model. These results could have potential translational value for the pain patient.
ABSTRACT 2:
Courtship behavior has been studied in a number of species of land snails. The common garden snail, Cornu aspersum (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicidae) mates as a simultaneous reciprocal hermaphrodite, both receiving and donating sperm during each mating trial. Its courtship behavior has fascinated scientists for decades because of the bizarre act of dart shooting, when sexually aroused animals push calcareous darts into the body wall of their partners. Previous studies have clearly shown that the right mesocerebrum is at least partially in control of courtship and mating, however, there are so far no data pertaining to the activity of these mesocerebral cells at different stages of courtship.
This study aims at comparing mesocerebral electrical activity in ganglia removed from snails belonging to three stages of sexual arousal: Non-excited snails, pre dart shooters, and post dart shooters. The groups were compared using measurements of spontaneous mesocerebral activity and responses to simultaneous stimulation of six nerves: The right (RTN) and left (LTN) tentacular nerves supply the right and left superior tentacles respectively, the anterior lip nerve (ALN) supplies the skin between the tentacles, in addition to the musculature dorsal and lateral of the buccal cavity, the posterior lip nerve (PLN) supplies musculature ventral and lateral to the buccal cavity, the medial lip nerve (MLN) supplies the oral lobes and the smaller tentacles, the penis nerve (PN) supplies the penis, and the right cutaneus pedal nerve no. 2 (RCPN2) supplies the dart sac in addition to the skin around the genital pore extending from the superior tentacle anteriorly to the penis posteriorly.
Our electrophysiological recordings show that dart shooters showed the highest spontaneous activity, followed by the pre dart shooters and finally, non-excited snails. Nerve stimulation increased activity only in non-excited snails. Cluster analysis failed to show a significant change in the number of active units before and after nerve stimulation.
These results show that mesocerebral activity is correlated with the behavioral stages of courtship, and is influenced by input from the stimulated nerves, thus linking the ethology and physiology of mating in this species.
What should you include in the research paper?
1. Introduction: What is currently known in the field? Where is the knowledge gap? How does your work fill the gap? End with stating your hypothesis. 1 page max. 3 points
2. Methods: What methods did you use? 1 page max. 3 points
3. Results: What did you discover? Please include 3 figures to summarize your mock findings 1 page max. 5 points
4. Discussion: What do these results mean? How do they fit with our understanding of x,y,z? 1 page max. 4 points
Please remember to include the appropriate citations and please do not exceed the page limit (references page is not included in the page limit). For inspiration, I have attached a short communication that I had published that might serve as a guide.
There is more than "right" way to present the data and interpret it. Please be creative but make sure that it is all scientifically feasible. That is, such a study should be able to be done in theory. Please do not copy figures/text from similar manuscript since that is plagiarism and will get you a zero. There is absolutely no wiggle room here!

Research Paper Sample Content Preview:
Abstract:
Chronic low back pain (LBP) affects over 10% of the adult population and seriously decreases the quality of life. The aging intervertebral disk (IVD) is prone to degeneration, which is associated with an increased risk of LBP. Physical activity influences IVD physiology. Animal studies show that cyclic loading increases proteoglycan synthesis in the disk suggesting a role for running exercise in disk repair. Additionally, an active lifestyle has been shown to either contribute to the onset of chronic pain onset or to be protective against chronic pain depending on the circumstances.
Total 2- to 3-month-old male SPARC-null and C57B wild-type mice were used in this study.
After recording baseline behavioral measurements, animals had free access to either a circular treadmill (exercise group) or a fixed nonrotating treadmill (control group) in their home cages.
Axial LBP was assessed using the tail suspension test and radiating LBP was assessed using the acetone test for cold hypersensitivity in the hind paw.
SPARC-null mice exhibit signs of both axial and radiating LBP in these assays that are sensitive to pharmacological manipulation.
Additional assays included tests for mechanical sensory thresholds and motor capacity. Tests were performed at 2 weeks and monthly thereafter. After 2 months with access to running wheels, SPARC-null mice show significantly reduced cold sensitivity in the hind paw compared to baseline (p < 0.05) and control group (p < 0.01) with no accompanying change in mechanical sensitivity, indicating a reduction of radiating pain.
No effect on axial pain was detected in the tail suspension test, suggesting an effect specific to radiating pain. Our results shed light on behavioral correlates of physical exercise on pain and motor function in an animal model. These results could have potential translational value for the pain patient.
Introduction:
Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability compared to any condition globally and has been documented as a source of chronic disability among both men and women within the working-age bracket1. Nasution et al. have cited that low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability globally2. In 2013, the World Health Organization estimated that the prevalence of LBP could be between 60 and 70 percent among developed countries. These estimates indicate that over 70 percent of people in industrialized nations will experience chronic pain at some point in their lives. LPB is strongly associated with the degeneration of the intravertebral discs (IVDs) resulting from metabolic, structural, and biochemical changes in the discs. While metabolic changes involve processes such as reduced synthesis of the matrix, an example of structural changes includes annular tears and biochemical changes often accompanied by the loss of are and proteoglycan content. Chronic low back pain is classified as LBP that lasts more than 3 months and results from multiple pathologies2. Although these changes are often presented by patients with LBP, IVD degeneration may also occur among asymptomatic individuals, making a clinical diagnosis of LBP based on IVD degeneration irrelevant1. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of IVD a...
Updated on
Get the Whole Paper!
Not exactly what you need?
Do you need a custom essay? Order right now:

πŸ‘€ Other Visitors are Viewing These MLA Research Paper Samples:

HIRE A WRITER FROM $11.95 / PAGE
ORDER WITH 15% DISCOUNT!