How Countries Prevent the Spread of SARS COV 2 During Covid-19 Pandemic

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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

The COVID-19 pandemic, birthed by the enigmatic SARS CoV-2 virus, an elusive single-stranded enveloped positive-sense RNA entity, sprouted its roots in Wuhan, China, only to then explosively scatter to far-flung metropolises and nations across the globe. Its initial emergence, shrouded in mystery, revolved around enigmatic pneumonia clusters that emerged in Wuhan on the cryptic date of December 31, 2019. This baffling global proliferation triggered an urgent alarm at the World Health Organization (WHO), which, on March 11, 2020, decreed it a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) and swiftly escalated its classification to the ominous status of a pandemic (Onyeaka et al., 2021).

The virus's relentless March persisted, its infection counts ascending to stupefying heights, as attested by the staggering data released by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) as of February 18, 2021—an astonishing 109 million documented cases and a chilling toll of 2.4 million recorded deaths echoing across 219 countries, territories, and international passages. The manifestations of COVID-19 span a bewildering spectrum, from the inscrutable fevers and headaches to the ominous specter of severe pneumonia and the grim prospect of organ impairment (Onyeaka et al., 2021).

This seismic viral upheaval goaded governments into initiating bewildering lockdowns, shackling the populace's movements and invoking perplexing travel constraints to stymie the virus's relentless advance. However, as these measures exhibited their mettle in suppressing the viral tide, they ushered in perplexing and far-reaching repercussions (Onyeaka et al., 2021).

This paper will focus on specific countries affected by the pandemic, namely, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Sweden. In line with this, we have formulated the following research objectives:

1. To undertake a convoluted exploration into the multifarious strategies adopted by the United Kingdom, Italy, and Sweden to thwart the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 during the tumultuous COVID-19 pandemic;
2. To delve into the intricacies of how effectively these nations managed to curtail the transmission of the virus within their respective borders;
3. To scrutinize the bewildering impact of diverse public health measures, encompassing lockdowns, mask mandates, and the complex realm of testing and contact tracing, on the containment of SARS-CoV-2 within the United Kingdom, Italy, and Sweden
4. To probe the labyrinthine landscape of healthcare infrastructure and response capabilities within each country, seeking to unravel their roles in managing and mitigating the virus's relentless spread;
5. To unravel the enigmatic influence of governmental policies, public adherence, and the cryptic art of communication strategies in shaping the effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention endeavors in the enigmatic realms of the UK, Italy, Sweden, and
6. To delve into the perplexing impact of vaccination campaigns and v...