Knee Osteoarthritis in Postmenopausal Women. Research Paper

Knee Osteoarthritis in Women Above 60 Years
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Knee Osteoarthritis in Postmenopausal Women
Several health conditions set in with old age, including functional, cognitive, increased susceptibility to chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, and other aging factors that weaken the patients' physiology. Osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions associated with old, although other contributory factors exist in different forms depending on the site. The other contributory risk factors to osteoarthritis include obesity, prior injury, and lack of exercise. Data from the WHO shows that women above the age of 60 are more susceptible to osteoarthritis with 18% vs. 9.6% men in global statistics (Davis et al., 2014). The National Institute on Aging (2017) noted various osteoarthritis types, categorized based on their location, including hands, knees, hips, and spine. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder ranked among the 11th highest causes of disability globally (Tiulpin et al., 2018). KOA is one of the most common forms of arthritis, close to the hip and back, affecting close to a third of the population above 60 years of higher prevalence among women than men due to osteocalcin (Chen et al., 2019). The commonality of knee osteoarthritis among postmenopausal women, gender as a non-modifiable risk factor, necessitates extensive research on managing the disease and how preventing through multiple approaches directed programs towards risk populations. Health practitioners can implement comprehensive measures to reduce knee osteoarthritis to establish both pharmacological and nonpharmacological care programs to reduce the prevalence of the disease.
This report concentrates on the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) among menopausal women in Canada and analyses Manitoba's care programs' efficiency mechanisms. It also highlights the role of physical activity as the main nonpharmacological care program and its effectiveness in preventing and managing the disease. The other aspect of the illness covered in the report is the use and applicability of different treatment methods and care programs for managing osteoarthritis.
Physiology Description of the Knee osteoarthritis
The knee is joint comprises various tissues and cells that, when their joinery and lubrication is affected, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling due to the tear and wear of the cartilage. The knee's main components include osseous structures, cartilage, ligaments, and a synovial membrane (Mora et al., 2018). Osteoarthritis is caused by the tear and wear of tissue and cartilage that cushion joints causing pain, swelling, tenderness, and stiffness to the affected areas (NIA, 2017). Peat et al. (2001) describe knee osteoarthritis as an active disease that destroys the cartilage and thickens the subchondral bone, leading to new bone structures in the knees. The tear and wear are usually a result of obesity, genetics, injury, or continued stress on joints due to sports activities or heavy lifting.
Lespasio et al. (2017) also identify diabetes, synovitis, systemic inflammatory mediators, innate immunity, joint shape, inflammation from m...