Infection Autoimmune Disease and Cancer

MODULE 3: INFECTION, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, AND CANCER
Introduction
Module 3 will focus on infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Bacterial and viral diseases kill more people worldwide each year than do all cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of infectious disease is greatest in less developed countries where millions die of treatable or preventable infectious diseases. Infectious diseases cause more than 200,000 deaths and more than 50 million days of hospitalization in the U.S.
Autoimmunity is the term that is used when the immune system cannot differentiate between self and non-self antigens. Autoimmune responses are common and occur as a regulatory response of the immune system. When this normal response becomes interrupted autoantibodies production occurs and leads to tissue injury. Autoimmune diseases may be organ specific or generalized.
Cancer is a collection of more than 100 different diseases, each caused by an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. A tumor is a new growth or neoplasm. Not all tumors or neoplasms are cancerous. Cancer refers to a malignant tumor but there are also benign growths that occur at times. Benign neoplasms also can be life threatening. The incidence of cancer increases with age and in modern times we see greater longevity thereby enlarging the population at risk.
Objectives
Describe the four types of hypersensitivity reactions.
Describe common clinical manifestations of allergic reactions.
Identify common bacterial infections
Describe common gram-positive organisms
Describe common gram negative organisms
Identify common viral diseases
Discuss primary and secondary immune deficiencies
Discuss autoimmunity.
Identify various autoimmune diseases.
Describe the characteristics of benign versus malignant tumors
Discuss the biology of cancer cells
Describe the various causes of cancer.
Discuss common treatments of cancer
Mr. B, a 40-year-old avid long-distance runner previously in good health, presented to his primary provider for a yearly physical examination, during which a suspicious-looking mole was noticed on the back of his left arm, just proximal to the elbow. He reported that he has had that mole for several years, but thinks that it may have gotten larger over the past two years. Mr. B reported that he has noticed itchiness in the area of this mole over the past few weeks. He had multiple other moles on his back, arms, and legs, none of which looked suspicious. Upon further questioning, Mr. B reported that his aunt died in her late forties of skin cancer, but he knew no other details about her illness. The patient is a computer programmer who spends most of the work week indoors. On weekends, however, he typically goes for a 5-mile run and spends much of his afternoons gardening. He has a light complexion, blonde hair, and reports that he sunburns easily but uses protective sunscreen only sporadically.
Physical exam revealed: Head, neck, thorax, and abdominal exams were normal, with the exception of a hard, enlarged, non-tender mass felt in the left axillary region. In addition, a 1.6 x 2.8 cm mole was noted on the dorsal upper left arm. The lesion had an appearance suggestive of a melanoma. It was surgically excised with 3 mm margins using a local anesthetic and sent to the pathology laboratory for histologic analysis. The biopsy came back Stage II melanoma.
How is Stage II melanoma treated and according to the research how effective is this treatment? Post your initial response by Wednesday at midnight. Respond to one student by Sunday at midnight. Both responses must be 200-300 words, scholarly written, APA formatted, and referenced. A minimum of 2 references are required (one reference may be your text). Refer to grading rubric for online discussion.
Module 3: Discussion

Post your initial response by Wednesday at midnight. Respond to one student by Sunday at midnight. Both responses must be a minimum of 150 words, scholarly written, APA formatted, and referenced. A minimum of 2 references are required (other than your text). Refer to grading rubric for online discussion.
Special Guidance on APA formatting in Discussion Posts
APA formatting is required in discussion posts with the following two exceptions (due to limitations with the text editor in LIVE): double line space and indent 1/2 inch from the left margin. Discussion posts will NOT be evaluated on those two formatting requirements. All other APA formatting guidelines should be followed. For example, in-text citations must be formatted with the appropriate information and in the correct sequence (Author, year), reference list entries must include all appropriate information following guidelines for capitalization, italics, and be in the correct sequence. Refer to the APA Publication Manual 7th ed. for each source type's specific requirements. Please let your instructor know if you have any questions.
Hi, please use the sample writing I forwarded to you because that is how my professor wants the paper formatted.
Very Appreciative