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5 pages/β‰ˆ1375 words
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APA
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Social Sciences
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English (U.S.)
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Policy Brief: US Energy System

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Policy Brief
The policy brief should contain the following elements:
• Overview of the energy system
A brief overview of the main energy characteristics of the country. This will include key statistics (such as the energy mix) and other information that is necessary to understand the national energy and climate politics of that country.
• Policy and political analysis
Analysis of the key energy policy objectives of the country and what trade-offs exist between these objectives. You should also highlight any important areas of political contention over energy and climate issues within the country or in its relations with other countries.
• Recommendations
Use the analysis in your previous sections as the basis for setting out recommendations for your group's positions and strategy in the two simulation negotiations: reducing greenhouse gas emissions and climate finance (see simulation guidance for details about the negotiations)
If you are assigned to the EU or LDC groups, you will also be assigned a specific country and should write your brief about that country only. If you are assigned to the Fossil Fuel Industry group, you will be given separate instructions.
One of the challenges in this assessment is to carefully select what information to include and what to exclude, as well as how much space to devote to each part of the task (i.e. they do not need to be equal in length). Remember that the aim of this assessment is to provide 'non-partisan' information, analysis and recommendations to the government/negotiators in your group. To do that, you will want to ensure that your briefing is thoroughly researched, presented in a clear and well-structured manner, and will link the various sections together through an easy-to-follow narrative that is supported by the material presented. Visual attention points such as charts, tables and maps are encouraged. While you won't be awarded extra marks for formatting, if your briefing is not presented in a near, clear and easy-to-understand manner then it is likely that your key points will get lost. The word limit for this assessment is 1500 words (±10%), excluding the bibliography. Submissions that exceed this length will be penalised.

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USA Environmental Policy Brief
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USA Environmental Policy Brief
Energy plays a significant role in the economy because it facilitates all economic activities, from production to transportation. To function efficiently, these activities rely on various energy sources, including petroleum, natural gas, and electricity. However, energy sources such as nonrenewable sources pose a weighty threat to the environment. Environmental impacts associated with energy production and consumption include global climate change, air pollution, acid rain, and habitat destruction. America’s heavy reliance on fossil fuels to produce electricity poses energy security concerns.
Overview of the Energy System
The US energy system has experienced tremendous changes since the beginning of the twenty-first century due to technological advances, which have fostered changes in energy consumption, moving the country from being a net importer of most energy forms to a declining importer and a net exporter (Diaz et al., 2021). The US is the second largest energy producer and consumer after China (Diaz et al., 2021). It produces and uses a mix of energy sources categorized into primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include fossil fuels (petroleum, coal, and natural gas), nuclear energy, and renewable sources (Saundry, 2019). Electricity is a secondary source generated from primary sources.
With below 5% of the global population, the US consumes close to 17% of the world's energy and accounts for around 16% of the world's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Center for Sustainable Systems, n.d.). In comparison, the European Union has about 6% of the world's population, consumes nearly 10.4% of its energy, and accounts for roughly 16% of its GDP (Center for Sustainable Systems, n.d.). On the other hand, China has about 18% of the global population, consumes around 25% of its energy, and accounts for approximately 18% of its GDP (Center for Sustainable Systems, n.d.).
The US per capita energy consumption daily includes about 2.5 gallons of oil, 246 cubic feet of natural gas, and 8.86 pounds of coal (Center for Sustainable Systems, n.d.). Electricity's residential daily usage is approximately 12 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per person (Center for Sustainable Systems, n.d.). In 2021, the US primary energy consumption was about 97 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) (Energy Information Administration, 2022). The data below represents the 2021 US primary energy consumption by energy source, according to the US Energy Information Administration.
US Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2021
Data Source: US Energy Information Administration, 2022.
There are five energy use sectors, namely; electric power (36.75 quads), transportation (26.87quads), industrial (22.55 quads), residential (6.58 quads), and commercial (4.58 quads) (Energy Information Administration, 2022). Last year, the electric power industry accounted for around 96% of the country’s utility-scale electricity production (Energy Information Administration, 2022). Almost all of it was sold to the end-use sectors (the remaining four sectors). These sectors are known as ‘‘end-use’’ because ...
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