Sectoral Risks: Solid Waste Management in Germany and USA

Sectoral Risks: Solid Waste Management in Germany and USA
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Part A
Introduction
Sectoral risk affects the development of specific infrastructures such as solid waste management thus interfering with global economic development. This paper analyzes sectoral risks through a critical literature review that defines the types of sectoral risks and how they impact the solid waste management infrastructure. Also, the paper develops a case study that compares the demand drivers, regulations, and existing models for USA and Germany under solid waste management infrastructure.
Literature Review and Research
Sectoral risks are potential risks and shortcomings that different industries might experience within the economy. Infrastructural organizations will carry out a sectoral risk assessment to determine what risks are likely to face their industrial sectors as a way of managing them and protecting their businesses from making losses thus promoting sustainable growth (Semieniuk et al., 2021). Sectoral risks are influenced by both internal and external elements within which a business operates, for example, market changes, developments in technology, government regulations, and economic trends (Ani, et al., 2019). A sectoral risk assessment process helps policymakers, investors, and business owners to plan for uncertainties to achieve their goals.
Originally waste was dumped into unpaved streets and road paths where it accumulated posing health risks. A system for waste disposal was developed first in Athens when the rules for regulating waste management were first developed (Nathanson, 2023). In the 19th century, waste was managed through watertight waste cans and heavy vehicles that collected and transported waste. In the 20th century, most American cities adopted waste-burning technologies however a majority still dumped waste on land and water (Limited, 2022). Even with the changes in technology that brought grinders, compaction trucks, and pneumatic collection systems, health risks were still high due to pollution from incorrect waste dumping. Hence the emergence of sanitary landfills that separated waste through air pollution control devices that helped convert it to energy.
According to the world bank projections by the end of 2025, the world will have 2.2 billion tons of solid waste caused by urbanization, climate change, population growth, and complex dynamics addressing the issue (World Bank Group, 2023). Inadequate finances are one of the key challenges facing SWM. Examples of financial risks are such as inadequate financing of solid waste projects and improper planning that compromises the effectiveness of SWM strategies. Most developing countries lack funding to establish reliable collection and disposal infrastructure for efficient solid waste management. For effective SWM processes, countries require appropriate disposal facilities, infrastructure, and transportation to handle the accumulating waste from modern living styles (Bui et al., 2020). The challenge warrants the environmental, social, and health issues that the countries encounter. Poor financing has also been attributed to the wrong treatment of hazardous waste that threatens human hea...