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Iron Deficiency Anemia

Essay Instructions:

A Case of Iron Deficiency Anemia
by David F. Dean, Department of Biology, Spring Hill College
Case Presentation:
Dolores Welborn is a 28-year-old attorney living in Portland, Oregon. Dolores is in the second trimester of pregnancy with her first child, and though her pregnancy had been progressing normally, recently she has noticed that she tires very easily and is short of breath from even the slightest exertion. She also has experienced periods of light-headedness, though not to the point of fainting. Other changes she has noticed are cramping in her legs, a desire to crunch on ice, and the fact that her tongue is sore. She doubts that all of these symptoms are related to one another, but she is concerned, and she makes an appointment to see her physician.
Upon examining Dolores, her physician finds that she has tachycardia, pale gums and nail beds, and her tongue is swollen. Given her history and the findings on her physical exam, the physician suspects that Dolores is anemic and orders a sample of her blood for examination. The results are shown in Table 1.

A diagnosis of anemia due to iron deficiency is made and oral iron supplements prescribed. Dolores’ symptoms are eliminated within a couple of weeks and the remainder of her pregnancy progresses without difficulty.
Questions:
1. Describe the structure of a molecule of hemoglobin and explain the role played by iron in the transport of
2. How is iron stored and transported in the body?
3. What is Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) and how frequently does it occur?
4. What are the most common causes of IDA?
5. Why are women more prone to IDA than men?
6. What are the red blood cell indices, and what tests are diagnostic for IDA?
7. How is IDA treated and prevented?

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Iron Deficiency Anemia
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Iron Deficiency Anemia
Hemoglobin is found in the red blood cells, which performs the function of transporting from lungs to body tissues. Each hemoglobin molecule comprises four heme groups, enclosing a globin group to form a tetrahedron structure. Each hemoglobin has four iron atoms, which efficiently bind four corresponding oxygen atoms. Globin has two linked polypeptide pairs, the beta chain with 146 amino acids, and the alpha chain with 141 amino acids (Camaschella, 2017).
Iron is hemoglobin’s essential component, and hemoglobin constitutes a significant proportion of iron. This analogy implies that a fall in the iron level leads to inadequate red blood cells to carry oxygen. While 50% of iron is stored in hemoglobin, a component of the red blood cells, 25% is in heme form-containing proteins. The other 25% is held as ferritin in the liver (DeLoughery, 2017). When red blood cells are destroyed, transferrin transports iron.
Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is a common anemia type that r...
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