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QQ Assignment: Description and Analysis of Quantitative Data. Geography 330

Essay Instructions:

QQ Assignment: Description and Analysis of Quantitative Data
This assignment entails using secondary data and GeoWeb mapping tools to describe and
analyze quantitative geographic data. The specific topic of the analysis is the connection
between greenhouse gas emissions and development-related variables across countries.
However, the assignment is not intended to “test” your knowledge about climate change
and development, but rather to provide an opportunity to engage in formulation,
evaluation, and communication of conclusions and inferences from quantitative
information. This is accomplished through an assessment of secondary data sources,
description of mapped variables, and identification of possible causal relationships
between variables.
The assignment will contribute to completion of the QQ/QFRq goal in the SAS Core
Curriculum: Formulate, evaluate, and communicate conclusions and inferences from
quantitative information.
In this assignment you will use data from the World Bank website to address the
following research questions:
1. What are national patterns of carbon emissions? How to do these patterns vary
across space and do these patterns differ based on how carbon emissions are
defined and measured?
2. How do spatial patterns of carbon emissions per capita compare to patterns for
other social and economic variables?
3. If you were to develop a statistical model to identify variables that are causal
predictors of carbon emissions per capita, which variables would you include in
your model and why?
INSTRUCTIONS
Instructions for Completing Assignment 1:
This assignment will use GeoWeb features on the World Bank website
(http://data(dot)worldbank(dot)org/indicator) to create maps of variables that illustrate carbon
emissions and development levels. [Note when you identify a variable and click “map”
and “shaded”, you may need to refresh the page in some browsers to get the map to
appear.]
2
For Question 1, use several different variables that measure CO2 emissions, such as total
CO2 emissions (kt), CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita), etc. Create maps of these
variables, consider their spatial patterns, and how and why these patterns vary depending
on metric used.
For Question 2, select a number of other variables from the World Bank website which
you think might be useful to compare to the map of carbon emissions (metric tons per
capita). Spend some time looking at a number of different variables to get an ‘eyeball’
sense of what might be spatially correlated with the carbon emissions map. I would
recommend looking at maps for many different variables and before you settle on at least
5 that you think are related to carbon emissions.
For Question 3, select 5 variables that you think are causally related to carbon emissions
per capita. Select these variables based on the variables you examined in question 2.
These are the variables that you will include in your proposed statistical model. Discuss
how and why you think each of the variables you selected is expected to influence carbon
emissions.
WHAT TO TURN IN
Write up for Assignment 1 - to be posted on Sakai (under Assignment 1):
The write up for this assignment should be approximately four double-spaced pages
long (roughly 1000 words). The format for the write-up will include:
I. An introduction to the research issue (I recommend doing a little bit of
background research on greenhouse gas emissions and national differences in
emissions patterns) (length: about 1 paragraph)
II. A description of your data source (Discuss where the data in the world bank
website comes from and why you trust these data to be valid). (length: about 1
paragraph)
III. Answers to the three main research questions. (length: about 3 paragraphs)
IV. Conclusions. What broader conclusions about global patterns of carbon
emissions can we draw from this type of analysis? What additional research steps
could be taken to expand on this work? (length: about 1 paragraph)

 

Research Methods Geography 330 QQ Assignment 

  QQ Assignment: Description and Analysis of Quantitative Data  This assignment entails using secondary data and GeoWeb mapping tools to describe and analyze quantitative geographic data. The specific topic of the analysis is the connection between greenhouse gas emissions and development-related variables across countries. However, the assignment is not intended to “test” your knowledge about climate change and development, but rather to provide an opportunity to engage in formulation, evaluation, and communication of conclusions and inferences from quantitative information. This is accomplished through an assessment of secondary data sources, description of mapped variables, and identification of possible causal relationships between variables.  The assignment will contribute to completion of the QQ/QFRq goal in the SAS Core Curriculum: Formulate, evaluate, and communicate conclusions and inferences from quantitative information.  In this assignment you will use data from the World Bank website to address the following research questions:    1. What are national patterns of carbon emissions? How to do these patterns vary across space and do these patterns differ based on how carbon emissions are defined and measured?   2. How do spatial patterns of carbon emissions per capita compare to patterns for other social and economic variables?   3. If you were to develop a statistical model to identify variables that are causal predictors of carbon emissions per capita, which variables would you include in your model and why?     INSTRUCTIONS  Instructions for Completing Assignment 1:  This assignment will use GeoWeb features on the World Bank website (http://data(dot)worldbank(dot)org/indicator) to create maps of variables that illustrate carbon emissions and development levels. [Note when you identify a variable and click “map” and “shaded”, you may need to refresh the page in some browsers to get the map to appear.]  2  For Question 1, use several different variables that measure CO2 emissions, such as total CO2 emissions (kt), CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita), etc. Create maps of these variables, consider their spatial patterns, and how and why these patterns vary depending on metric used.   For Question 2, select a number of other variables from the World Bank website which you think might be useful to compare to the map of carbon emissions (metric tons per capita). Spend some time looking at a number of different variables to get an ‘eyeball’ sense of what might be spatially correlated with the carbon emissions map. I would recommend looking at maps for many different variables and before you settle on at least 5 that you think are related to carbon emissions.   For Question 3, select 5 variables that you think are causally related to carbon emissions per capita. Select these variables based on the variables you examined in question 2. These are the variables that you will include in your proposed statistical model. Discuss how and why you think each of the variables you selected is expected to influence carbon emissions.     WHAT TO TURN IN   Write up for Assignment 1 - to be posted on Sakai (under Assignment 1):  The write up for this assignment should be approximately four double-spaced pages long (roughly 1000 words). The format for the write-up will include:   I. An introduction to the research issue (I recommend doing a little bit of background research on greenhouse gas emissions and national differences in emissions patterns) (length: about 1 paragraph)  II. A description of your data source (Discuss where the data in the world bank website comes from and why you trust these data to be valid). (length: about 1 paragraph)  III. Answers to the three main research questions. (length: about 3 paragraphs)  IV.  Conclusions. What broader conclusions about global patterns of carbon emissions can we draw from this type of analysis? What additional research steps could be taken to expand on this work? (length: about 1 paragraph)   

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QQ Assignment: Description and Analysis of Quantitative Data
The national patterns of carbon emissions
According to the World Bank, the global emission of carbon dioxide gas plays a central role in climate change and the greenhouse effect that rose from 22.4 to 35.8 billion tons from 1990 to 2014, respectively. This rise, together with the subsequent rise in other greenhouse gasses, has led to a 0.80C rise in the average global temperature. Further research by the World Bank reveals that when the emission of greenhouse gasses continues, the world will experience further warming, which will, in effect, affect all facets of the climate system. The percentage of carbon dioxide emitted from total fuel combustion in the electricity and heat production in the United States increased by 1% from 45.0% in 1990 to 46.0% in 2014 (The World Bank, para.2). This is comparatively higher than the 3.1% decrease in carbon emitted in the United Kingdom at the same time.
On the contrary, the United States experienced a 3.9% decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide gas emitted due to total fuel combustion in the manufacturing and construction industries from 12.6% in 1990 to 8.7% in 2014. However, the rate of reduction is still relatively lower compared to the 4.7% decrease in the rate of carbon dioxide gas emitted in the United Kingdom from 14.0% in 1990 to 9.6% in 2014. Other sectors that experienced changes in the rate of carbon dioxide emission include transport; and residential buildings and commercial and public services (The World Bank, para.2). In the United States, the rate of GHE increased from 29.7% in 1990 to 33.4% in 2014, representing a 3.7% rise while in the latter sector, there was a 0.4% increase from 11.0% in 1990 to 11.4% in 2014.
How national patterns of carbon emissions vary across space
The percentage of carbon dioxide present in the area differs from one geographical location to the other depending on the rate of activities which promote the release of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere as well as the percentage of its uptake. Industrialized nations are characterized by large numbers of industries and congestion of vehicles, which release a lot of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (Tang et al. 11). On the contrary, some industrialized counties lack enough green cover, which may help to absorb excess GHE gas concentration from the space. This leads to an increase in carbon emission with a corresponding decrease in its absorption, which causes unequal variation of carbon emission across space.
Do patterns of carbon emission differ based on how carbon emissions are defined and measured?
The methods used to measure the emission of carbon dioxide play a significant role that influences the patterns of carbon emission. For instance, when comparing the models of carbon emission between the United States and the United Kingdom, the World Bank used various factors such as electricity and heat production, manufacturing and construction industries, and residential buildings and public and commercial and services (Ramstein et al. 45). Each of these strategies showed a different percentage of variations in the rate of carbon dioxi...
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