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Religion & Theology
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Religion & Theology Essay: Euthyphro by Plato

Essay Instructions:

Read “Euthyphro” by Plato
Answer the following questions:
1. In his second attempt to answer Socrates's question, Euthyphro suggests that "what is dear to the gods is pious, what is not is impious." Socrates points out that the gods sometimes disagree (according to the traditional religious views of ancient Greece). Why does this raise a problem for the view in question?
2. The most famous question of the dialogue comes when Socrates asks: "Is the pious being loved by the gods?" How does Socrates attempt to explain this question when Euthyphro does not understand? What exactly does this question mean?
3. Aquinas believes that acting in accordance with one's natural inclination is virtuous and that acting contrary to those inclinations is vicious. What sense of 'natural' is required in order to make these claims as plausible as they can be?
4. What can be said on behalf of Aquinas's claim that the first principles of morality are known by everyone?

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Euthyphro by Plato
1 The fact that, according to the ancient Greece traditions, the gods disagreed suggests that they did not have a common stand on what they love. This indicates that each god had different opinions on different issues (Allen 84). Therefore, what was good to one god may not necessarily be accepted by the others and, for this reason, termed impiously. But also, they agreed on other issues. Socrates argued that it was customary to disagree because even the gods had disagreements. But amidst lack of consensus, the family should come first. Individuals and nations are not bound to completely agree with each other as visible in the current global trend. Dialogue and understanding should prevail for the common good of humanity. It was not naturally familiar for Aquinas to prosecute his father for murder, according to Socrates, but he was performing his duty.
2 Socrates explains that the pious is not loved-pious naturally, but instead, it is the gods there to love them. Socrates goes ahead to give an example of a football being carried. The presence of the player is necessary for carrying the ball. Socrates gives another example of seeing, suggesting that an object is not just there to be seen but rather it is being seen because someone is there to see it (Allen 97). Everything requires an action to change; it does not change on its own. Defining pious requires a common virtue for all the efforts. Thus, examples of piety like praying and giving sacrifices are not sufficient definitions. Socrates suggests that the pious is loved by gods but seeks to ...
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