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Cause and Effect: The Opioid Crisis in America

Essay Instructions:

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CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY: The Opioid Crisis in America
ENGL 101-011
PROFESSOR
FALL SEMESTER, 2021
For the past several weeks, we’ve been viewing various sources on the severe and growing more severe epidemic of opioid use and abuse in the United States. Now, it’s time to put your knowledge on paper in the next essay for our spring semester.
SUBJECT OF ESSAY: OPIOID ADDICTION: CAUSES AND EFFECTS
DRAFTS: Rough Draft: 2-2 ½ pages: October 27
Second Draft: three to four pages:
Final Draft: three one-half to four-and-a-half pages: November 8
PURPOSE: YOUR CHALLENGE IS TO GET UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL WITH THE WORDS
OPIOID(S) AND ADDICTION, AND YOU WILL DISCUSS THESE WORDS IN
DETAIL, GIVING YOUR THOUGHTS ON THE EPIDEMIC AFTER YOU’VE GIVEN
THE STANDARD DEFINITION ON THE WORDS. YOU’LL OFFER YOUR THESIS
AT THE END OF PARAGRAPH ONE. IT WILL INCLUDE THREE OR FOUR CAUSES
AND THREE OR FOUR EFFECTS. IF YOU WISH, YOU CAN INCLUDE A
SENTENCE WITH THE SOURCES YOU WILL USE AND THEN INCLUDE YOUR
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE OPIOID EPIDEMIC IN AMERICA. YOU MIGHT
WANT TO START WITH A QUOTED DICTIONARY DEFINITION OF ADDICTION
AND OPIOID (S). YOU WILL USE AT LEAST THREE SOURCES FROM THE
SOURCES BELOW (YOU AN USE THREE OF THE SOURCES I’VE SHARED WITH
YOU AND A SOURCE OF YOUR OWN).
ACTION PLAN: Introduction: Your first paragraph must include a general introduction about
addiction and opioid (s) and a dictionary definition of the words. Why should
anyone in America care about the subject? Your thesis statement should include
three or four causes and three or four effects of the opioid epidemic in America.
You may also choose to include the sources you will use in your essay.
Paragraphs two, three, four, etc.: Look at page 467 in your textbook.
Basically, there are two ways to offer multiple causes and effects: you can
give all the causes and discuss them with sourcing and then do the same with
effects or you can give cause A and Effect A, followed by Cause B, and
Effect B, etc. The second choice is stronger but harder.
+++Remember in your Rough Drafts, to note the sources for your
information after the sentence you’ve used or the paragraph itself. Put the
name of the source in brackets. This is your choice. Some causes/effects
may take only a few sentences or paragraphs
while others may take several paragraphs when you give a number
of examples to make the point (s) you’re trying to make. Explain why the
information you’re using is important to understanding the subject of
opioid addiction.
Paragraph five or the paragraph before your Conclusion: should include
your thoughts on the subject or your experience with the subject. What was
your view on opioid addiction when we began? What is it now? Here, you
can look at some of the broader issues we’ve discussed in class. Whose fault
is addiction? Who has it effect? Did you change your idea about addiction
because of the class discussions and material? What can be done to help
“save” an addict?
Conclusion: Remind the reader why the subject is important in
America today and again give the main causes and main effects. This is your
last chance to interact with opioid addiction.
AUDIENCE: Your professor and classmates
FINAL DRAFT: YOUR FINAL DRAFT MUST INCLUDE DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS,
IN-TEXT AND WORKS CITED SOURCING FOR YOUR FOUR SOURCES,
INCLUDING WHAT YOU LEARNED FROM THE SOURCE THAT HELPED
YOU UNDERSTAND THIS DEVASTATING EPIDEMIC. WHAT KIND OF
INSIGHTS DID EACH SOURCE GIVE YOU INTO THE CAUSES
AND EFFECTS OF OPIOID ADDICTION?
MLA SOURCING: YOU’LL SOURCE YOUR DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS, AND YOU’LL GIVE
AN IN-TEXT CITATION FROM YOUR FOUR SOURCES. YOU MUST
INCLUDE A QUOTE(S) FROM EACH OF YOUR SOURCES OR PARAPHRASE
THE CONTENT OF A SOURCE. YOU MUST INCLUDE A WORKS CITED.
FORMAT: ACCORDING TO MY SYLLABUS. IF THE FORMAT IS INCORRECT, YOU WILL FAIL THE ESSAY
SOURCES DISCUSSED:
• “America’s Epidemic: The Nation’s Struggle with Opioid Addiction”: The Wall Street Journal
• “How Addiction changes your brain”: (not one of your main sources, but you can use it as extra)
• “This is your brain on heroin”: (not one of your main sources, but you can use it as extra)
• “Chasing the Dragon: The Life of an Opiate Addict”: FBI, DEA
• “Inside Killer Drug Epidemic: A Look at America’s Opioid Crisis”: nytimes.com
• “How Bad is the Opioid Epidemic: Chasing Heroin”: FRONTLINE PBS
Additional Sources:
• You need a dictionary definition of addiction and opioid (s)
REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL DRAFTS: TYPED
DOUBLE SPACED WITH AT LEAST ONE-HALF INCH
MARGIN ON THE RIGHT SIDE
CORRECT HEADING AT THE TOP OF EACH PAGE,
ACCORDING TO MY SYLLABUS
TITLED: CENTERED ABOVE FIRST SENTENCE
FINAL GRADE: YOUR FINAL GRADE WILL DEPEND ON HOW WELL YOU USED CRITICAL
ANALYSIS TO STUDY CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF ADDICTION, USING THE
MAIN SOURCES YOU LISTED, AND HOW WELL DID YOU INTERACT WITH
THE WORD? AS ALWAYS, PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO GRAMMAR,
SPELLING, SENTENCE MECHANICS, ETC. PLEASE COME TO ME FOR
HELP AND USE THE TUTORS IN THE WRITING CENTER FOR
ADDITIONAL SUPPORT. GOOD LUCK AND GOOD WRITING!



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Cause and Effect Essay: The Opioid Crisis in America
The misuse and addiction to opioids is an acute national crisis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention projects cost the country about $78.5 billion annually in healthcare costs, lost productivity, criminal justice involvement, and addiction treatment (National Institute On Drug Abuse). Addiction refers to a biophysical disorder in which an individual cannot stop a compulsive urge to use a substance or engage in certain behaviors. On the other hand, opioid refers to an extensive list of pain-relieving drugs that interact with opioid receptors to create similar pain relief effects to morphine. Three causes of the current opioid crisis in America include an expanding population of opioid prescription patients, economic distress, and social upheaval. Some of the effects of the opioid epidemic include an increasing number of children and youth living in foster care, lost economic output, and a high number of overdose deaths. The thesis of this paper is: Opioid misuse and abuse is a severe national epidemic caused by rising opioid prescriptions, poverty, and social isolation.
One cause of the current opioid epidemic is the growing population of patients with pain and disability issues, especially senior adults who require prescription opioid medications for pain relief. Older adults have unique pain management challenges that require therapeutic doses of opioids. However, opioids have a high potential for causing addiction, even when prescribed and taken as directed. While most studies on opioid abuse have tended to focus on younger populations, the prevalence of opioid misuse is increasing among patient groups suffering from chronic pain. This situation is compounded by the heightened vulnerability of this segment to the adverse effects of opioids (Marshall and Hale). Besides, it is not uncommon for those caring for these patients to steal or misappropriate opioid medications, further exacerbating opioid abuse in the broader society.
Another cause for the current opioid epidemic is the declining social cohesion among families and community members, which has led to increased incidents of social isolation. This factor has been strongly associated with opioid use disorder. Humans are social animals, and the rising cases of loneliness at the individual and community level have contributed to opioid misuse and abuse (Dasgupta et al.). While chronic use of opioids is itself corrosive to close relationships, social isolation exacerbates opioid use disorder. As social networks continue to decrease and people have fewer people to confide in, more people resort to opioids to cure their depression and loneliness.
Economic distress is another contributing factor: various studies have shown that opioid misuse and abuse are especially prevalent among marginalized groups. Poorer populations have about double the rate of opioid use disorder as compared to wealthier groups. Poverty and unemployment are related to feelings of worthlessness, guilt, and shame, all of which heighten vulnerability ...
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