Indian and Chinese Governments and Political Systems

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Indian and Chinese Governments and Political Systems
The political, governmental, and political party systems in India are guided by the Constitution. The president is the first citizen and head of state, while the prime minister is the government’s head. India’s political system is based on a federal government structure. The primary political parties in India include Bahujan Samaj Party, India Trinamool Congress, Communist Party, Bharatiya Janata Party, Indian National Congress, and the Nationalist Congress Party. The executive branch has various powers including military, legislative, pardoning, financial, diplomatic, veto, and emergency powers. For example, the president can declare a state of national emergency if there is war or armed rebellion. The country adheres to a dual polity system, where the central authority is with the executive branch. However, the constitution defines the power limitations of the state and central governments.
India can be referred to as a parliamentary democratic republic. The parliament plays numerous cardinal legislation functions, including discussing development plans, international relations, national policies, overseeing administration, handling public grievances, and passing the budget among others. The power distribution in the executive and legislative branches is done by the Constitution. For instance, the parliament has the power to remove the High Court and Supreme Court judges and impeach the president. Moreover, it can initiate constitutional amendment. In India, the judiciary plays a crucial role in interpreting the law, administering justice to the public, and settling disputes. Moreover, it acts as the guardian of the country’s constitution and a watchdog of democracy. For instance, people who disrupt peace or break the law are taken to court so that they can be sentenced based on the set regulations. As such, the judiciary holds essential responsibilities in the country.
Indian federalism entails the relationship between the state and central governments. In particular, it works in three primary ways, including allowing the states to be formed based on language policy, linguistic characteristics, and restricting the state-center relations. The most significant thing is that the Indian constitution establishes the government structure. The federal structure in India has state and union governments. Indeed, it considers the constitution as the supreme law and the highest court is the Indian Supreme Court. The formation of linguistic states is a democrat...