Human Rights Records of Australia and United States

HUMAN RIGHTS RECORD IN AUSTRALIA AND UNITED STATES
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Human Rights Records of Australia and United States
Human rights are values defined and protected by law. Human rights include rights and freedom on equality, independence, respect, and fairness about an individual’s life from their time of birth. These rights can be based on economic, social, and cultural backgrounds. The human rights record refers to the extent to which a country upholds and violates human rights. The records to human rights are verified by the United Nations and defer with states. This paper will compare and contrast the human rights record in Australia and United States.
Differences
Australia does not have a Bill of Rights to protect its citizens’ human rights; instead, the rights are only contained in the constitution and legislation passed by the Parliament or State. The only rights in the Australian constitution include the right to vote, protection against property acquisition, right to a fair judgment, religion, and exclusion from discrimination (Mathew, 1995). On the other hand, the USA has a rights bill presented among the constitution’s amendments. The USA Bill of Rights ensures adherence to civil and political rights. The outlined rights include freedom of expression/speech, religion, fair trial, and protection against cruel punishments.
Australian constitution is not extensive in the range of rights it provides to its citizens. The constitution only has five rights outlined in section 80 (Mathew, 1995). These rights related to the right to vote, religion, fair trial, prohibition of discrimination, and unjust court trials. The United States has an extensive list of rights in its Bill of Rights and Constitution. The rights include the first amendment, which guarantees the freedom of religion, speech, and assembly.
According to enforceability, the Australian High Court can invalidate legislation beyond the Parliament's powers. Human rights in Australia are restrictions outlined by the Commonwealth, and the Parliament does not have any powers or rights to make its laws (Chappell, Chesterman, & Hill, 2009). In the United States, rights are included in their Bill of Rights and Constitution; hence, they are enforceable. Legislation trespassing any constitutional rights can be invalidated by the courts.
The constitution of Australia does not outline any rights to allow provision or justification of rights. The rights can be established by the constitution but cannot be eradicated through a referendum. However, in the United States, rights c...