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Topic:

Controlling Bushfires in Australia

Essay Instructions:

Most of the questions below are related to one of this unit’s weekly topics. Students must read and use at least six sources from the relevant reference lists below. Students are also expected to do some of their own research using the References and Further Readings in the relevant weekly topic guides, and also through the library catalogue. Please note that students cannot write on the same topic in assessment tasks 2 and 3.

  1. 'We want to fight for a genuine treaty, and that will only ever be achieved when our voice is heard and respected' (Boon wurrung Elder N'arweet Carolyn Briggs, First Peoples Assembly, 10 December 2019). Why are Indigenous peoples still fighting to be heard and respected in contemporary Australia? Answer with reference to the lives and experiences of Indigenous peoples in Australia in the 21st century.
  2. In 2020, 84% of surveyed Australians agreed that 'multiculturalism has been good for Australia'. And yet, in the same survey, 18% of respondents said they had experienced discrimination on the basis of their skin colour, ethnic origin, or religion in 2020 – and for those respondents who were born in Asia, that figure increased to 39% (Scanlon Foundation Surveys, 2020). Is Australia a successful multicultural nation? Why/why not? Answer with reference to both the attitudes of ordinary Australians and the experiences of migrants to Australia in the 21st century.
  3. Why is the remembrance of war so important in Australia in the 21st century? Answer with reference to what is remembered and forgotten on Anzac Day in contemporary Australia.
  4. What do the experiences of Australian travellers tell us about Australian attitudes towards Asia in the 21st century? Answer with reference to Australian travel to Indonesia.
  5. 'The experiences of Julia Gillard as Prime Minister demonstrate that sexism is alive and well in Australia in the 21st century.' Do you agree? Why/why not? 
  6. 'If racism is endemic throughout the broader community, it is not surprising to find it within institutions such as sporting Clubs' (Larissa Behrendt and Lindon Coombes. Do Better, 2020, p. 6). What does sport tell us about racism in contemporary Australia? Answer with reference to the experiences of Indigenous players in the Australian Football League (AFL) in the 21st century.
  7. 'We need to learn from the experiences of Black Saturday and improve the way we prepare for and respond to bushfires' (Final Report, Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, July 2010). Why do non-Indigenous Australians seem to find it so hard to learn from their experiences of Australia's environment? Could a better understanding of Indigenous knowledges help? Answer with reference to bushfires in Australia in the 21st century.

Please reference your essays fully and correctly, using either Oxford or Harvard referencing style. Essays will be examined using the following criteria:

  • question;
  • research;
  • essay structure;
  • quality of writing; and
  • presentation and referencing.
Essay Sample Content Preview:

CONTROLLING BUSHFIRES IN AUSTRALIA
Student’s Name
Course
Professor’s Name
University
City (State)
Date
Controlling Bushfires in Australia
Bushfires are one of the most destructive natural disasters. There are several causes of bushfires such as lighting and human activity, which result in the uncontrolled spread of fires that damage property and sometimes kill people. in Australia, bushfires are a common occurrence during the dry season. However, some become extremely destructive and uncontrollable causing damage to property and loss of life. For example, the Black Saturday bushfires are some of the worst wildfires to occur in the region. The fire began on a Saturday, 7th February 2009, and was extinguished completely on 14th March 2009. It is important to learn from such events in order to prepare adequately for future disasters. However, the notion of learning from the experience seems to be challenging to non-indigenous Australians due to various reasons.
First, there is a problem with information regarding bushfires and preparation. Accurate and timely information is a key part of disaster response. As such, when wrong information is provided to the crucial actors, it becomes difficult to respond and mitigate its damage. The Australian government is the main institution that provides information to its citizens about bushfires. The government has programs that focus on various aspects of prevention such as detection and education of residents. While the detection is more accurate and timelier, the education programs do not provide information that can assist non-indigenous Australians to prepare for wildfires. Part of the reason for wrong information involves the perceptions that both sides have about each other as well as wildfire. For instance, Reid and Beilin (2015) found that there was a difference between Australians’ conception of a home and that of the land and bushfire managers. In this case, the Australians perceived a home to not only include a house but also its surrounding environment. In contrast, the land and bushfire managers viewed a home as a house, which made them focus on salvaging and mitigating damage to the house during their education programs. Such difference in comprehension affected the reactions of each group involved in the response. In this regard, residents of the affected areas would still wait in order to assess the intensity of the bushfire. The wait was also meant to see the actions of the neighbors, which resulted in a waste of time. The study highlights how people can have different perspectives and interpretations about a similar event. The land and bushfire managers should accommodate such information in their programs as they help the residents identify the best response to mitigate the damage of the fire.
Additionally, inadequate preparation has also been observed as a key problem that affects the response of non-indigenous Australians to wildfires. The education programs cause the residents to feel prepared to handle a disaster. However, there are various aspects of firefighting that they usually do not know, only to realize about their inadequate skills when it is too late. The problem is usually caused by different perspectives between the re...
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