Electromagnetic Spectrum. Life Sciences Assignment.

Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Electromagnetic Waves
Radio Waves
These waves act like a sequence of recurring peaks and valleys which are primarily used in radio communications meant to convey information to the public. One cycle of a radio wave is equivalent to one wavelength and multiple cycles are cumulatively called a frequency which can be gauged using hertz (Hz). Radio wave extends from three kilohertz (kHz) to three hundred gigahertz (GHz). Transmission occurs using an antenna which permits the transmitter to direct the power to space and the receiver collects the signal from the space. This concept operates on a restricted range of frequencies [Mai 2018].
Different radio wave frequencies have different uses. The smallest frequencies can be detected in the extremely low frequency (ELF) radio waves. These are illustrated to have wide ranges and these are mainly used in entering water and rock contacts to the submarines and inside the mining areas. Standard radio stations utilize shortwave radio while higher frequencies are necessary for FM radio stations, broadcasting networks, smartphones, and global positioning systems (GPS). The highest frequencies are designed to support Bluetooth connections, wireless fidelity (WiFi), and wireless universal serial bus (USB) [Lucas 2019].
Despite the various advantages of using radio waves, these can also have a negative impact on health since these are classified as non-ionizing radiation which allows the vibration of particles. Absorption of enormous amounts of these waves can induce heat inside the body that may generate damage to the cells which may be implicated in rare cancer forms [American Cancer Society n.d.].
Microwaves
The bands of these waves are located at the upper end of the electromagnetic spectrum which is near to radio waves. Microwaves are categorized into sub-bands, namely, the C-band which allows entry through the clouds, smoke, snow, dust, and rain to depict the surface of the Earth; the L-band that is used to determine the moisture of the soil and forests by penetrating to the canopy cover of forests; and the X-and-Ku-bands which are meant to deliver signals to a station on the field [NASA 2010].
Generation of high-frequency microwaves needs specialized vacuum tubes that run via the ballistic movements of electrons in a space while being controlled by magnetic or electric fields. By contrast, low-frequency microwaves are delivered using field-effector transistor, Gunn diodes, and IMPATT diodes. Various countries utilize microwaves as a form of communication via radars. These can detect air traffic and vehicular speed limits. These can be also used for cooking like the microwave oven and can act as security scanners. Long-term exposure to microwaves can result in cataracts [Lucas 2018].
Infrared (IR) Light
This is an invisible light that can be categorized into near-infrared or far-infrared depending on its proximity to the microwave portion of the spectrum. Far-infrared light generates concentrated heat, like that of the sunlight. It is chiefly produced by thermal energy via the motion of the atoms against an object. Higher temperatures stimulate faster movements o...