Researching Work, Employment and Employee Relations

Employment and Employee Relations
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Employment and Employee Relations
Introduction
There are two broad methods of analysis namely, inductive and deductive. While the inductive is defines as the movement from the specific to the general, the deductive does the reverse and starts with the general and completes with the specific using experience or through observation inductively as those arguments based on law and other prominently acceptable ideologies are expressed by deduction. In a nutshell, researchers who use deduction work from top to bottom while those who use induction work from bottom up. Research uses quantitative and qualitative methods, which are deductive and inductive respectively (Onwuegbuzi & Leech, 2005, p.270). The two methods address the same problem but using different approaches, as they are not mutually exclusive.
The objective of science is to find real solutions through experimentation and testing. Hypotheses are used to make assumptions before theories are generated to corroborate the experiments. The reasoning for this procedure requires logical thinking. Both inductive and deductive thinking are interlinked because they form the basis for scientific research. Through induction, a conclusion is generalized from scenarios based on observation while through deduction; reasoning is used in the application of specific principles to reach certain conclusions based on assumptions. The two forms of research methodologies work the opposite way. Many scientists prefer to use the deduction method because through deduction, many theories are fronted as a beginning point unlike induction which is achieved through observation. Apart from these two forms, there is reduction which is a method of getting simple reasons from complex effects.
The relationship between induction and reduction
As has been introduced above, both deduction and induction are the basis for scientific research. Induction begins with observation, making many scientists rule out the its viability as a reliable model for research as insinuated by David Hume, the rationality of believing conclusions arrived at on the basis of conviction is the problem ( Hume, 2006, p.2). He further indicates that induction is a way of proving something without evidence. Observation does not guarantee that anything that happens is true, a part from the provisional belief that it could be true and there is no actual theory behind its supposition. The example given by Hume is the assumption that the sun rises. Through induction, there is no explanation that guarantees that the sun will rise. Another famous scientist Charles Darwin based his evolution theory on induction. He observed various aspects of nature and made a conclusion that there is a common origin for species. Many arguments opposing this theory argue that Darwin was vague in using observation to draw conclusions. Hume is concerned about the generality of the evidence provided by observation in influencing beliefs of other states of affairs.
Using the law of gravity the relationship between reduction and induction can be explained. Newton asserted that the environment influenced the motion of an object, expl...