Operation Ivy Bells and the Russian Hybrid Warfare

Essay Instructions:

INTL 507
RESEARCH PAPER TEMPLATE
Your research paper must be a product of your own work. It must be consistent with the academic discipline standards. It must provide a clear description of a question or problem and a proposed method of answering the question or solving the problem. You should summarize the question or problem to be investigated and show your reader why the question or problem merits investigation (the "so what" factor). Your writing should show that you have read relevant material recently and then integrate that information into a well-argued presentation that follows your thesis statement. Your paper should be about 15-20 pages (not including title page or other front material, charts, graphs, reference list, appendices, etc.). Papers longer than 22 pages will have points deducted.
Here are the elements that your paper must consider:
· Title of the Paper. The title of your paper should be brief but should adequately inform the reader of your general topic and the specific focus of your research. Keywords relating to parameters, population, and other specifics are useful.
· Introduction and Research Questions. All papers should have an introduction that provides background information on the topic, tells the reader why the topic is important and states the thesis. This section should lead to the research question.
· Thesis- What are you attempting to do and why is it significant? state it clearly. Make sure that it follows logically throughout the paper.
· Review of Literature- This section shall contain a survey of the existing literature about your topic and where your particular research fits into it. For this section, you should have reviewed at least six academic sources and six additional sources related to your specific question and be able to identify how these sources approach your research question. You may re-use material from the literature review assignment.
· Evaluation Criteria- Make sure to state clearly the criteria you are using to evaluate the case.
· Discussion- Here, you will lay out the narrative of your own argument. What has your research of the topic revealed to you? This section should be informative and written to support what will be your conclusions.
· Conclusions- This section will present the findings of your research and support your argument and the answer to the research questions. The conclusion often returns to the issues raised in the introduction. Was your thesis/hypothesis proven or disproven? How was your initial purpose fulfilled by your research? How do your results compare to the results of the other studies you cited in your introduction? While all these questions may not be pertinent to your research, answering as many as possible will contribute to a well-designed and well-written paper.
For more information, please check out this link to the “Five Commandments of Writing a Research Paper” by Dr. Charles King, Georgetown University http://www9(dot)georgetown(dot)edu/faculty/kingch/How_to_Write_a_Research_Paper.htm

Use Chicago Style parenthetical author-date system when making citations. In keeping with this style, your paper should include a references section at the end. See APUS On-Line Library for more details on the citation method. If you want to use another citation style, you must clear it with me first.
This paper is due at the end of week 8.

Lastly, please name your paper as follows: lastname.first.intl507.paper.doc

References (examples)
García Márquez, Gabriel. 1988. Love in the Time of Cholera. Translated by Edith Grossman. London: Cape.
Kelly, John D. 2010. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War.” In Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, edited by John D. Kelly, Beatrice Jauregui, Sean T. Mitchell, and Jeremy Walton, 67–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Weinstein, Joshua I. 2009. “The Market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology 104:439–58.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, and Robert Pear. 2010. “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote.” New York Times, February 27. Accessed February 28, 2010. http://www(dot)nytimes(dot)com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Operation Ivy Bells and the Russian Hybrid Warfare
Name
Course
Professor
College
City and State
Due Date
Problem/ Research Question
The research question that the study seeks to answer is, "to what extent did Operation Ivy Bells end the cold war?" This question arises from the idea that discovering the Russians' clandestine operation alone was not enough to bring a full-fledged cold war to an end. The question inquires whether other factors existed and which contributed to the ending of the cold war. Retrospectively, several factors brought the cold war to an end.
However, it is not easy to identify the extent to which these factors inspired the end of the war. For this reason, this inquiry tries to more if Operation Ivy Bells helped stop the cold war. It also encompasses the Russian hybrid warfare and how the nation uses this approach in the modern-day.
Thesis Statement
Examining the contributions of Operation Ivy Bells to the end of the Cold War. Even though Operation Ivy Bells appeared to have the potential to initiate full-fledged warfare between the US, Russia, and their allies, it did not happen because the Russians feared that Americans were far more sophisticated in technological capabilities than them.[Polmar, Norman. "The Silent War: The Cold War Battle Beneath the Sea." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 57, no. 5 (2001): 66-66.]
Background
In the early 1970s, the US government became aware of the existence of an underwater communication line running along the bottom of the Sea of Okhotsk and connecting the main base of the Pacific Fleet in Petropavlovsk with the TF headquarters in Vladivostok. At that time, the USSR unilaterally declared the Sea of Okhotsk its territorial waters and introduced a ban on the entry of foreign ships. Numerous acoustic sensors were placed on the seabed to detect submarines. There was constantly patrolling at sea, and regular exercises were conducted by the ships of the USSR TF.[Polmar, Norman. "The Silent War: The Cold War Battle Beneath the Sea." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 57, no. 5 (2001): 66-66.] [Raymond Ojserkis, ”The United States & the beginning of the Cold War arms race”, p. 79, accessed on http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2607/1/U615556.pdf]
Introduction
Despite all the difficulties, the leadership of American intelligence made the decision to wiretap the cable. In October 1971, the US specialized nuclear submarine Halibut entered the Sea of Okhotsk. Divers disembarked from the boat, found the cable at a depth of 120 m, and installed a listening device that made it possible to remove information from the cable without violating its integrity. The device, about 6 m long, was equipped with a release mechanism that was triggered when the cable was lifted to the surface. In addition, during the operation, fragments of the Soviet supersonic anti-ship missile P-500 "Basalt" were collected, which made it possible to further reconstruct the product and study its main characteristics.[Raymond Ojserkis, ”The United States & the beginning of the Cold War arms race”, p. 79, accessed on http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2607/1/U615556.pdf]
The listening device did not have the ability to transfer data, and all...

Updated on January 26, 2024

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Operation Ivy Bells and the Russian Hybrid Warfare

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