M4A1: Midterm Essay Examination

M4A1: Midterm Essay Examination
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M4A1: Midterm Essay Examination
Key differences and similarities regarding the UCR, NIBRS, and NCVS programs
The United States justice department carries out two statistical exercises to measure the size, nature, and the effect of criminal activities in the country. They cover similar crimes such as rape cases, robbery, theft, assault, and stealing of vehicles. The differences among the three programs are that UCR gives a certain set of criminal justice information so that law enforcers may enforce and manage the law CITATION Sch121 \l 2057 (Schmalleger, 2012). NVCS was put in place to provide information that was not accessed such as unreported crime. The NVCS takes into account the crimes, which have been reported, and those that have not yet been reported to the police. The UCR collects information on reported crime and information regarding sexual assault, which is not forcible rape. NIBRS collects information regarding each crime scene, and its information comes from an automated records system in the state, national government and in local areas.
Evolution of the criminal justice system in America
The American criminal justice system began during colonization by the British, which were oppressive, and the punishments for breaking the law were unfair. William Penn advocated for a change in the system towards the end of the 17th century and played an important role in making sure that the changes were realised. After the American Revolution, the Constitution that was passed had in it freedoms and rights that were not there in the colonial times. It marked the beginning of setting crime regulations, ways of punishments as to safeguard the rights of those who are innocent CITATION Sch121 \l 2057 (Schmalleger, 2012).
Key U.S. Supreme Court cases that have had a significant impact on the issue of individual rights versus public order, on arrest, search, and seizure
One critical case in the U.S. Supreme Court cases that has had a significant impact on the issue of individual rights versus public order, on arrest is Payton v. New York, which was argued on 26th March 1979 and decided on 15th April the following year CITATION Wal09 \l 2057 (Wallentine, 2009). The case challenged the legality of allowing law enforcers to gain access to private residences without warrants when a need ...