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2 pages/β‰ˆ550 words
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4 Sources
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APA
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Social Sciences
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Essay
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Chakravartty's Argument on Scientific Realism and Locke on Personal Identity

Essay Instructions:

the subject is philosophy 2each sources for each topic
both in different APA formats.
1 topic 275 words (1 pg) and 2 topic 275 words(1 pg)
thanks.
topic 1: Choose ONE of the following topics:
1) Berkeley uses examples of ‘perceptual variation’ to argue that we do not perceive material objects (i.e. that there is no matter). With reference to your own example involving one specific perceptual quality (e.g. temperature, colour, shape, size, etc.), explain in your own words how Berkeley reaches the conclusion that matter does not exist.
2) Hume claims that someone who lacks a sensory modality could never form ideas of the corresponding sensory impressions (190, left side). With reference to one specific example (or one sensory modality in general), explain which sorts of ideas could be formed by a person lacking (from birth) the relevant sensory modality. In your discussion be sure to explain any of Hume’s technical vocabulary that you use, as well as any other distinctions that you make.
3) Chakravartty offers three arguments for thinking that scientific realism is problematic (215- 16). Pick one of these three arguments, and explain (i) what is meant by scientific realism, (ii) what the argument is, and (iii) why it poses a problem for scientific realism. Be sure to explain any terminology that you use.
Topic 2:1) Locke on Personal Identity
What would Locke say about someone who suffered from amnesia and lost their memories? Would they still be the same person as before the memory loss? Give a reason for why you agree or disagree with Locke’s claim.

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Philosophy Essay
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Philosophy Essay
Topic 1: Question 3
Anjan Chakravartty presents three arguments to advance his position on the concept of scientific realism. The three include "a commitment to a literal understanding of theoretical discourse purporting to refer to unobservable; the assertion that sentences of theoretical science, when understood literally, are truth-apt and have mind-independent truth-condition; and the claim that knowledge is expressed by such sentences" (Ladyman, 2009). Scientific realism entails a positive epistemic attitude towards the existing theories and models that attempt to explain the world's observable and unobservable aspects (Chakravartty, 2017). Chakravertty seeks to provide the foundations of scientific realism to explain its importance in the pursuit of understanding both real and abstract phenomena. 
Chakravertty's assertion that "sentences of theoretical science, when understood, are truth-apt and have mind-independent truth-condition" (Ladyman, 2009) means that every concept captured in theory seeks to explain a specific phenomenon is embedded in existing and proven research. This argument is based on the notion that the universe contains a series of interlinked concepts and that one can use their understanding of one concept to advance their comprehension of another. Therefore, according to the principle, theories are derived from already confirmed concepts, and their purpose is to help explain the unknown concepts. Therefore, researchers should first have faith or believe in the concepts captured in theory, to be able to use them to unravel the abstract world. 
This principle poses a problem for scientific realism because historically, science has had several theories that were regarded as empirically successful but turned out to be false. For instance, the effluvium theory of static electricity, which was formulated in the 16th century, was empirically successful but replaced by other theories. Such instances make it difficult to rely on this belief principle for the unobs...
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