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PA 581 Policy Design Analytics. Bus rapid transit system

Essay Instructions:

 

 

PA 581 Policy Design Analytics  
Spring 2020 
Assignment 2  
Assignment Instructions: 
1. Introduction. This Exercises is from Chapter 4 of the P,S & C Text, but necessarily requires students to incorporated materials and concepts from Chapters 1 through 4. Questions are taken or developed from PSC from Chapters 1through 4, with emphasis on Chapter 4. The Assignment is to develop the analysis required by Exercise 10 at the end of Chapter 4. The Exercise provides some data in Table 1 following the narrative of Exercise 10. Development of other data may be necessary for students to develop thought some focused research.  
2. Topical Focus & Requirement: The emphasis of the exercise is on developing a clear, concise and comprehensive problem definition statements. And, specifically, students must address the three (3) requirements presented, to wit: 
(a) Perform a preliminary analysis from the data and define the dimensions of the existing problem and the way it has been defined;
 (b) Explore at least two other problem definitions.; And, 
(c) Discuss what additional data would be needed to identify the magnitude (scale & scope) of this problem for your local.
NOTE 1:  This is a creative exercise that requires critical thinking.  Consider creative ways to present your work. DO NOT write long complex or rambling narratives. Be concise, precise and focused.  Put the key points in your own words. Demonstrate your knowledge of all the aspects of a solid problem definition statement (PDS). Present data creatively. Be well organized. 
Note 2: There are a possible 100 points for this Assignment. 
Assessment Criteria: 
Student submission will be assessed on the following criteria 

Criteria Weight (Points)
Creativity & Organization .30
Substantive Knowledge & Depth of Analysis .50
Quality of Writing .20
Note: Writing style should be concise, precise and analytical. Avoid long rambling sentences. Consider how to creativity present your key points. 

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Bus Rapid Transit System
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Bus Rapid Transit System
Question a
Traffic congestion is a major threat to the quality of urban life. It has increased in size, complexity, and scope, making it a policy concern. The congestion is mainly characterized by a reduction in traffic speeds leading to upsurges in journey times, environmental pollution, and fuel consumption among other operating costs.  Congestion means that more vehicles are trying to use the existing freeway than it can handle. In this particular case, the problem is more rampant during peak hours.
While cars have benefits in terms of facilitating personal mobility and give a sensation of heightened status and security, they are not an effective means of passenger transport.  The ratio of buses to that of cars in this context is 1:6. The traffic volume per hour is 10,000, with 98% being passengers in cars and 2% are passengers on buses.
A car = 1 pcu
A bus = 3 pcu
A car carries an average of one person while a bus carries approximately 50 passengers. As such, on average, car passengers lead to about 11 times as much traffic congestion as that of those in buses during peak hours.
 According to the data, traffic speeds reduce sharply with the increase in traffic. The journey times of the automobiles on the current freeway increase with the introduction of an additional car. The additional vehicle increases not only its own delay but also the delay of all other vehicles on the freeway. The data shows that the average traffic capacity increase by about 48% during peak hours compared to the volume of the one-way transit without delay. A road is considered to be congested when the average speed of traffic flow during peak periods is lower than 40 percent of the speed in unobstructed conditions.
Alternative problem definitions can include the poor design of the existing freeway or lack of maintenance of the existing road system. There are many instances where unexpected changes in the number of lanes, unmarked traffic lanes, lack of traffic lights, and poor location of bus stops among other shortcomings, hinder smooth traffic flow. Additionally, the presence of potholes and other features of the road surface in deprived conditions cause the increase of constraints on-road capacity, and as a result, increase traffic congestion.
Question b
Alternative problem definitions can include using road supply-side actions. Transport supply includes infrastructure, means of transport, and how these ...
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