Reaction Paper: Accountability

Accountability
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Accountability
In this article, the author attempted to summarize the five most frequently asked questions related to the three most significant international education large-scale assessments. The name of the assessments includes the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) (Rutkowski & Prusinski, 2011). The questions are related to the design of the assessment, their measurement, who could participate in how to evaluate the assessment result and should the US students take participation in this kind of assessments.
Out of the three, PISA is administered by OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). On the other hand, both the PIRLS and TIMMS are coordinated by the IEA (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement). There is another difference between OECD (PISA) and IEA (PIRLS and TIMMS) studies (Rutkowski & Prusinski, 2011). The assessment measure of PIRLS and TIMMS are based upon grades. On the other hand, PISA differs from the IEA approach as it sampled ...