Why Black Leather Seats Warm Up More than Light Colored Seats

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Exam 1.
SCI1010, FA19
• Explanations should be clear, coherent.
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1 Explain why the interior of a car heats up (gets considerably warmer than the outside), and why cars with black leather seats warm up more than cars with light-colored seats
The air inside the cars is trapped and absorbed by the interior surfaces and is radiate in form of heat inside the car and since the air is trapped and there is absorbed heat the temperature rises. At the same time, outside the car, the outside air cools the surroundings and makes the outside cooler. This is similar to the greenhouse gas effect where the sun’s warmth is trapped as greenhouse gases retain energy emitted after solar heating. An increase in temperature that causes more heat to be trapped and with no escape route cars get hotter during summer and hot days. When sunlight enters through the windows of the vehicle is absorbed by the surfaces, which return it to the air in the form of heat. This heat energy cannot escape through the windows, warms the inside environment of the vehicle. Dark colors absorb solar energy better and lighter colors and retain the heat, and black leather seats then are more likely to be warmer than the light-colored seats In other words, The interior of the car heats up because radiation comes in that cannot go out, and the dark internal surfaces absorb more heat from than the light-colored internal surfaces. The black leather seats absorb light and radiate heat while lighter colors reflect light, and the heat is cooler.

2 Explain what releasing of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere causes, and why it is a problem.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are chemical compounds that are manufactured that have carbon, fluorine chlorine and hydrogen. When the compounds reach the stratosphere, there is a process of division that forces them to release the chlorine atoms, which destroy the ozone layer. CFCs are one of the major causes of ozone depletion and thinning of the ozone layer means that people are less protected from the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiations. The ozone layer that protects the earth from ultraviolet rays from the sun, and CFCs are some of the chemical compounds that cause the greenhouse effect in the earth’s atmosphere. The ozone layer of the stratosphere is essential for life on Earth because it offers protection against ultraviolet radiation that, if not absorbed in the atmosphere is harmful to life. This is the case when there is ozone depletion and higher risk of UV radiation affecting earth.
CFCs are mainly used in propellant and refrigeration industry as well as thermal insulators. Destruction of the protective ozone layer that protects people on earth from sunlight Chlorofluorocarbons are powerful gases that have a greenhouse effect because they absorb heat from the atmosphere, send some of these gasses to the surface of the planet, which results in warming the earth and increases the risk of climate change.

3. Consider the graph below showing the effectiveness of a sunscreen as a function of the SPF value. Assuming one is concerned only with burning by Sun and not other potential consequences, what is the lowest SPF value that you recom...