Spread of Private and State Emancipation in Northern States

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What led to the spread of private and state emancipation in northern states, and why were these changes limited to this region of the country?
The spread of private and state emancipation in northern states was because of religious opposition to the institution of slavery, economic changes, and political factors. Religious groups, especially the Evangelicals were critical in advocating for resistance and rebellion (Part Two: Free Labor and Slavery, Pg. 304). As slavery grew and spread to more areas, African Americans looked for new sources of support. The Evangelical church offered an arena where more harmonious relations between the races could develop. However, as white churches became deeper in sustaining slavery, more Blacks embraced Evangelical Protestant beliefs (Part Two: Free Labor and Slavery, Pg. 304). In particular, all black congregations played a major role in resisting white domination. These congregations considered slavery as a sin and worked towards promoting abolitionist ideas (Chapter 6: The Consolidation of Slavery in the South, Pg. 307). With the reliance on African American forms of evangelical Protestantism, slaves, and free blacks were free to formulate their standards of behavior.
Additionally, economic changes occurred in the northern states, accelerating emancipation. Industrialization grew at a higher rate in the North. The industries were providing wage labor for workers. Industrialization meant that more workers were needed to work in the industries. At the same time, small-scale farming was declining, meaning that slavery was no longer needed on a large scale. The shift from overreliance on agriculture to industrialization meant that slave labor was not needed on large scale. Instead, African Americans became wage laborers. Consequently, the northern states started phasing out slavery, since it was no longer the backbone of their economies. During this time, working people started to act together to defend the principles of equality. They took measures aimed at making their working conditions better. For instance, workers organized labor unions where through which their grievances could be addressed. Through the labor unions, workers secured better pay or working hours (Part Two: Free Labor and Slavery, 342). The unionization of workers was instrumental in ensuring that northern states worked towards liberating themselves from the shackles of slavery. Overall, given the shift to industrialization in the northern region, slavery started losing ground in the northern states.
In essence, the spread of emancipation in the North was limited to the region because of the economic dependence o...