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3 pages/β‰ˆ825 words
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Style:
APA
Subject:
Health, Medicine, Nursing
Type:
Essay
Language:
English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders

Essay Instructions:

Case Study is as follows:
Patient AO has a history of obesity and has recently gained 9 pounds. The patient has been diagnosed with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Drugs currently prescribed include the following:
Atenolol 12.5 mg daily
Doxazosin 8 mg daily
Hydralazine 10 mg qid
Sertraline 25 mg daily
Simvastatin 80 mg daily
..heart disease remains the No. 1 killer in America; nearly half of all Americans have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or smoke—some of the leading risk factors for heart disease…
—Murphy et al., 2018
Despite the high mortality rates associated with cardiovascular disorders, improved treatment options do exist that can help address those risk factors that afflict the majority of the population today.
As an advanced practice nurse, it is your responsibility to recommend appropriate treatment options for patients with cardiovascular disorders. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug therapy, advanced practice nurses must consider aspects that might influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes such as medical history, other drugs currently prescribed, and individual patient factors.
Reference: Murphy, S. L., Xu, J., Kochanek, K. D., & Arias, E. (2018). Mortality in the United States, 2017. Retrieved from https://www(dot)cdc(dot)gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db328.htm
To Prepare
Review the Resources for this module and consider the impact of potential pharmacotherapeutics for cardiovascular disorders introduced in the media piece.
Review the case study assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment.
Select one the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior factors.
Reflect on how the factor you selected might influence the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.
Consider how changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy.
Think about how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. Reflect on whether you would modify the current drug treatment or provide an alternative treatment option for the patient.
Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Chapter 33, “Review of Hemodynamics” (pp. 285–289)
Chapter 37, “Diuretics” (pp. 290–296)
Chapter 38, “Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System” (pp. 297–307)
Chapter 39, “Calcium Channel Blockers” (pp. 308–312)
Chapter 40, “Vasodilators” (pp. 313–317)
Chapter 41, “Drugs for Hypertension” (pp. 316–324)
Chapter 42, “Drugs for Heart Failure” (pp. 325–336)
Chapter 43, “Antidysrhythmic Drugs” (pp. 337–348)
Chapter 44, “Prophylaxis of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Drugs That Help Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels” (pp. 349–363)
Chapter 45, “Drugs for Angina Pectoris” (pp. 364–371)
Chapter 46, “Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs” (pp. 372–388)

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Title
Your Name
Subject and Section
Professor’s Name
Date
Treatment Options
Obesity
As stated in the case, A.O. is obese and has recently gained 9 lbs. One management of obesity is weight-loss therapy. This is indicated for patients who have a body-mass index (BMI) of greater than or equal to 30kg/m2, BMI between 25 to 29.9kg/m2 with two or more risk factors, or a waist circumference of more than 40 inches (in) in males or more than 35 in females with additional two risk factors CITATION Ros21 \l 1033 (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021).
Treatment Goals
The program's principal aim is to reduce weight and maintains it after that CITATION Ros21 \l 1033 (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021).
Interventions
Caloric Restriction.
This is the primary treatment for any intervention for weight loss. The patient needs to reduce calorie consumption, with a calorie deficit from 300 to 1000 kilocalories (kcal) daily. The best way to track this is through downloadable mobile applications such as Choose My Plate or Super Tracker. Moreover, the reduction in calorie intake should be accompanied by excellent food choices, where there must be a decreased fat and more carbohydrate and protein intake because the former contains more calories than the latter two. The recommended energy intake for patients with a BMI greater than or equal to 27 to 35 kg/m2 is 300 to 500kcal deficit daily. This can result in approximately 0.5 to 1lb of weight loss weekly with 13 to 26 monthly. Those with a BMI of more than 35 kg/m2 must restrict the diet to around 500 to 1000kcal daily. This promotes weight loss of around 10% over six months CITATION Ros21 \l 1033 (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021).
Exercise.
To healthily reduce weight, physical activity must be included in all types of interventions. This helps by increasing the patient’s metabolism, thereby allowing for more calories to be burned. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends more than or equal to 150 minutes of exercise weekly. Patients who want to continue losing weight must exercise for around 200 to 300 minutes weekly. Physical activity has exceptional benefits to weight loss because it may lead to a decreased abdominal fat and amplified cardiorespiratory function CITATION Ros21 \l 1033 (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021).
Behavioral Changes.
This helps alter the patient's poor lifestyle, such as eating food with high calories and low nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle. Behavioral therapy can be combined with calorie reduction and exercise because it can support poor habits. Furthermore, behavioral therapy aids in managing stress since this is an excellent stimulus for binge-eating CITATION Ros21 \l 1033 (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021).
Pharmacotherapy.
Medications can help the patient lose weight in any of the following effects: 1) Drugs can reduce appetite; 2) Drugs can decrease the absorption of fat; 3) Drugs can amplify the patient's metabolism. This is not recommended as the only treatment. However, it can be an adjunct to the first three mentioned treatment options. However, this can only be given in patients with many health risk factors and when the first two treatments failed to reduce weight after six months of therapy. Based on the lite...
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