Module 4 - Case Stress and the Cardiovascular and Digestive Systems

Essay Instructions:

Module 4 - Case Stress and the Cardiovascular and Digestive Systems Note: If you have trouble viewing some of the course materials, install Quicktime and the Adobe Shockwave Player, both of which can be downloaded free from the Internet. STOP!!! YOU MUST HAVE COMPLETED THE TUTORIALS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ON THE HOME PAGE BEFORE YOU WILL BE ABLE TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT! Case Assignment In this Case Assignment, you will address the following in a 2- to 3-page essay: First complete this exercise to identify the factors that have an effect on heart rate. In your introductory paragraph, explain: Which factors contributed to an increase in HR, and Which factors contributed to a decrease in HR? Now view the video Stress effects on the heart and read the following resources on hypertension and stress: Stress and Blood Pressure, by the American Heart Association Effect of psychological stress on blood pressure increase: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Gasperin, D et al. 2009. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 25(4):715-726. Based on what you read and observed, address the following questions in the body of your essay: What is the risk of stress on the heart? What are the contributions of the nervous system to the increased workload that the heart experiences when an individual is stressed? Do some additional research to define “myocardial infarction risk.” What do Gasperin et al. (2009) say about the relationship between stress and myocardial infarction risk? Using the resources above, define “hypertension.” Summarize the results reported by Gasperin et al. (2009) about stress and hypertension. What was successful in lowering hypertension? In a conclusion paragraph write about what surprised you as you completed the readings/video for this Case study? Assignment Expectations You are provided with many scholarly references to complete this assignment. Include a References section that lists these sources (refer to the Background page). For any additional research you are required to do to complete your assignment, please use scholarly references such as a peer-reviewed journal article or a government-sponsored or university-sponsored website. As you read through your sources, take notes from your sources and then write your paper in your own words, describing what you have learned from your research. Direct quotes should be limited and must be designated by quotation marks. Paraphrased ideas must give credit to the original author, for example (Murray, 2014). Module 4 Pearson Learning Solutions: Cardiovascular system. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=8037 Pearson Learning Solutions: Factors that Affect Blood Pressure (BP). Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=10472 Pearson Learning Solutions: Peripheral Resistance. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=10473 Pearson Learning Solutions: Pathway of Depolarization. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=10486 Pearson Learning Solutions: Pathway of Depolarization EKG. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=10470 Pearson Learning Solutions: Vasoconstriction. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=10445 Pearson Learning Solutions: Digestive system. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=7098 Pearson Learning Solutions: Hormonal Feedback Loops. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=8198 Pearson Learning Solutions: Heart Rate. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=10491 Pearson Learning Solutions: Stress effects on the heart. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=7472 American Heart Association. Stress and Blood Pressure. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)heart(dot)org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/Prevention TreatmentofHighBloodPressure/Stress-and-Blood-Pressure_UCM_301883_Article.jsp#mainContent Gasperin, D. et al. Effect of psychological stress on blood pressure increase: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 2009. 25(4):715-726. Pearson Learning Solutions: Regulating blood sugar levels. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=6822 Pearson Learning Solutions: Diabetes in America. Pearson Higher Education, 2014. Accessed on August 14, 2014, at http://www(dot)pearsoncustom(dot)com/mct-comprehensive/asset.php?isbn=1269879944&id=6271 Greenberg, M. Ph.D. The Mindful Self-Express Why We Gain Weight When We're Stressed—And How Not To. Psychology Today. August 28, 2013 http://m(dot)psychologytoday(dot)com/blog/the-mindful-self-express/201308/why-we-gain-weight-when-we-re-stressed-and-how-not Maglione-Garves, C.A., Kravitz, L., and Schneider, S. Cortisol Connection: Tips on Managing Stress and Weight. Accessed on August 18, 2014, at http://www(dot)unm(dot)edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/stresscortisol.html The Physiology of Stress: Cortisol and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis. Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science. 2010. Accessed on August 18, 2014, at http://dujs(dot)dartmouth(dot)edu/fall-2010/the-physiology-of-stress-cortisol-and-the-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis#.U-zmk-NdVyw

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Stress and Heart Risks Name Institution of Affiliation Instructor Date Stress and Heart Risks There are several factors which affect the heart rate. They either increase the heart rate or decrease the heart rate. The factors which increase the heart rate are such as illness. On illness, the body require higher levels of oxygen thus the heart has to be more efficient in the provision of the oxygen. Emotional Stress is also another factor that causes the increase in the heart rateCITATION Ass11 \l 1033 (American Heart Association, 2011). Exercise greatly contributes to increased heart rate. During exercise, muscles demand a high level of oxygen and therefore the heart rate activity has to increase. In other direction, there are other activities which lead to decreased heart rate CITATION Fle19 \l 1033 (Fleet, 2019). Breathing is an activity which lowers the heart rate, especially during inspiration. Cardiovascular diseases result to decreased heart rates even though it can also cause an increase in the heart rate. Pressure leads to resizing of the blood vessels thus decreasing the rate of the heart rate CITATION Gre13 \l 1033 (Greenberg, 2013). The risk of stress on heart There are several risks which are associated with the stress on the heart. To begin with, the heart is greatly exposed to cardiovascular diseases due to the straining of the heart periodically. This creates the heart muscle to work in difficult conditions leading to cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, stress exposes the heart to a coronary heart attack CITATION Mag08 \l 1033 (Maglione-Garves, Kravitz, & Schneider, 2008). Even though this is not fully proven but many of the scientists and medical therapists believe that coronary attack has a connection to stress. Chronic stress is believed to expose the heart to elevated conditions as indicated by hormones such as the adrenaline and cortisol leading to heart problems. Stress has an effect on blood clotting. Thus, it can also lead to heart attack. The nervous system is an essential system for the provision of the body balance. The body nervous system creates the "fight to fight" situation as it tries to control the stress. The sympathetic nervous system is the one responsible for such fights. As the body tries to fight this changes the heart is engaged as there is a requirement of sufficient energy within the body CITATION Ran11 \l 1033 (Randall, 2011). The release of the stress hormones affects the rate of the heart thus affecting its functionality. The constant ups and downs of the body hormones vary the heart functionality, and that is what causes it to strain. Gasperin defines "myocardial infarction risk" as the form of a heart attack which is considered to be life threatening as it makes the blood stop abruptly and the flow is disturbed leading to death. Gasperin states that this condition leads to the damage of the body tissuesCITATION Gas \l 1033 (Gasperin, Netuveli, Dias-da-Costa, & Pattussi, 2009). He links that increased heightened cardiovascular rates can lead to the development of hypertension within an individual. According to Gasperin, this pathophysiological changes can greatly lead to long-term regulation of the bloo...

Updated on January 26, 2024

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Module 4 - Case Stress and the Cardiovascular and Digestive Systems

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