Genomics in Health Care

Genomics
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Genomics
Question One
Due to significant developments in genetic and genomic sciences during the last two decades, remarkable advances in healthcare have been made. The use of genetic and genomic data in healthcare is becoming increasingly important. Genetics focuses on particular genes in the genome, frequently addressing issues caused by single-gene abnormalities, which nurses only see on rare occasions (Hu et al., 2018). The interplay of individual genes inside the genome and external environmental elements is the focus of genomic information. These diverse genetic alterations are now recognized to relate to a variety of common patient illnesses, including some of our chronic diseases, and have several implications for nursing practice (Puddester et al., 2022). The rapidity with which genes are being discovered creates a sense of urgency in informing nurses about the resources made accessible by human genome research.
Question Two
Genetic testing includes examining the DNA, the chemical database that carries instructions for the body's operation. Genetic testing can uncover changes (mutations) in DNA that may cause illness or disease. Genetic testing is essential in determining the risk of developing particular diseases, as well as screening and, in some situations, medical therapy.
A form of genetic testing is carrier testing. If a person has a family history of genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia, or if the person is a member of an ethnic group that is prone to a specific genetic problem, they should consider genetic testing before having children (Jamwal et al., 2019). An improved carrier screening test may identify genes associated with numerous genetic illnesses and mutations and whether a patient and their partner are carriers for the same issues (Kraft et al., 2019). In this case, the nurse should include other family members in their patient teaching strategy.
Question Three
Concerning the conditions under which the test should be used, how it is carried out, and what applications are made of its findings, every new genetic test that is discovered presents important questions for medicine, public health, and social policy. Three meanings of autonomy include self-rule, self-determination, and self-governance. Autonomous agents or actions must be capable of making decisions, reasoning, and acting independently. Moral, social, and legal norms impose duties on autonomous individuals to respect their judgments (Calzone et al., 2018). Individuals who respect their autonomy have the right or ability to decide independently of others.
Several judgments founded on the legal concept of autonomy preserve an individual's integrity. Legal judgments have protected people's autonomy in deciding whether or not to receive medical care. Patients have the right to information about their health and prognosis, the benefits and risks of a suggested therapy or test, and alternatives to the proposed medical intervention before decision-making (Dewell et al., 2020). In genetics, healthcare practitioners have been held liable for neglecting t...