From Disease Prevention to Health Promotion

From Disease Prevention To Health Promotion
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Title
Instructor
Date
From Disease Prevention To Health Promotion
Introduction
The shift from disease prevention to health promotion has received support from policymakers around the world. The World Health Organization and Healthy People 2020 have emphasized the importance of having individuals and communities participating in improving their health. This paper discusses how the Ottawa Charter and Jakarta Declaration have become important turning points in health promotion and examines the health determinants that they envision to be realized in the world
Ottawa Charter and the Jakarta Declaration
The Ottawa Charter and Jakarta Declaration are important turning points in the transition from disease prevention to health promotion. Both the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and the Jakarta Declaration signed in July 1997, have ensured a distinctiveness among health promoters and created a robust platform for health promotion. They have communicated a simple message of empowerment, mediation, and advocacy, and worked towards the realization of the basic determinants of health be realized on a global scale (Labonte, 2016). This transition from health prevention to health promotion has enabled the creation of programs dealing with the common life of individuals in communities and influenced how the people can actively participate in promoting their health (Kumar & Preetha, 2012). These programs are often in tandem with the social processes and cultural values existing in different nationalities.
Determinants of Health
The health of an individual and that of a community is determined by various factors that fall two broad categories: environment and the circumstance. The World Health Organization (2018) further breaks down these factors into the socio-economic environment, the physical environment, and individual behaviors and characteristics. The context in which people live largely defines their health and individuals are often not able to have a direct control over these determinants. Examples of these factors include education, social and income status, physical environment, gender, access to health services, and social support networks play a rol...