Fluid Administration, Emergency Care, Wound Management, and Veterinary Periodontics

CPR, Fluid Therapy, Wound Management, And Periodontics In Veterinary Medicine
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CPR, Fluid Therapy, Wound Management, And Periodontics In Veterinary Medicine
Part 1: Fluid Administration
1 Physical Exam Parameters of Hydration
Fluid administration in a feline patient is an important process that helps effectively ensure that the patient possesses the right hydration amount. A feline patient experiences normal dehydration when they lose five percent of fluid in their body, experiences moderate dehydration when they lose between five and ten percent of water and experiences severe dehydration when they lose over ten percent of water. The level of dehydration in the patient is illustrated using mucous membranes and skin turgor as the physical parameters (Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2021). The dryness or tackiness of the mucous membrane is assessed in the gums, while the nature of skin turgidness or elasticity is tested by lifting the feline patient's skin at the shoulders and checking how long it takes to get back to its initial state. In each physical exam, the total needed hydration level in the feline patient is 73.3% moisture (Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 2021). When the moisture is lower than this amount, the skin elasticity will be low, and the mucous membranes will be dry.
2 Purpose of Fluid Therapy Phases
A feline patient showing no signs of shock will undergo fluid administration as a therapy for only twenty-four hours. Fluid therapy, in this case, is meant to ensure that the feline patient is well-supported within the recovery process that is made up of the resuscitation, optimization, stabilization and evacuation phases.
Fluid replacement formula = (%dehydration) x (body weight) x (total body water)
8lbs = 3.62kgs
If 1kg is equal to 1000ml of fluid, the patient has a dehydration deficit of 362mls.
Applying the fluid replacement formula, for the 24 hours, the patient will receive 2mls of fluid per kg in every hour; thus, the total fluid administered for 24 hours is 3.62kgs X 2ml = 7.24mls, which is equal to (7.24mls X 24) 181mls per 24 hours.
The cat is ten percent dehydrated, 10% of 181mls = 18.1mls
The fluid therapy should consider maintenance fluid; thus, the total fluid administered in 24 hours is 18.1ml + 362ml = 380.1mls in 24 hours.
In the absence of diarrhea and vomiting, fluid losses are not present in the feline patient. So, in an hour, the feline patient should receive (380.1/24) 15.8375mls of fluid. In a minute, the patient should receive (15.8375/60) 0.264mls.
3 Monitoring IV Fluid Therapy
Monitoring IV fluid therapy is important in ensuring that the feline patient is not underhydrated or overhydrated, thus helping to boost the health and recovery process for the patient. The therapy will be effectively monitored using physical exam parameters of body weight. The nature of the patient's urine will also help in monitoring the fluid administered, where deep yellow urine illustrates under-dehydration and clear urine shows over-dehydration (Montealegre & Lyons, 2021). More so, using calibrated equipment in administering the fluid will help in accurately provi...