Family Nursing Health, Medicine Essay Paper Research

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Introduction
Across all settings, domestic violence occurs in any cultural, religious, and socioeconomic groups. Such abuse can have short-term and long-term effects and consequences on the victim. Domestic violence has been recently referred to as intimate partner violence or known as IPV. This includes abuses in a physical, emotional, and sexual sense and the controlling behaviors of the abusive partner. In this kind of relationship, victims are commonly women, and the perpetrators are the male counterparts (, 2018).
IPV pertains to behavior that causes harm to the individuals involved in an intimate relationship. Such harms can be either physical, sexual, or psychological (World Health Organization, 2012). Harm-causing behaviors include controlling behaviors, sexual violence, emotional abuse, and physical violence. Stalking and psychological aggression are also considered under IPV, as noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (, 2018).
Prevalence
The prevalence of IPV has been measured through a multi-country study conducted by WHO. Findings show that among women in an intimate relationship, 13-61% have experienced violence physically done by their partners and 4-49% are severe physical violence. Emotional abuse has been experienced by 20-75% of these women, and 6-59% have experienced sexual violence. In this study, it has also been found out various types of violence often coexist and is accompanied by another (World Health Organization, 2012). According to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) of the CDC, physical violence, stalking, and sexual violence are experienced by about 1 in 4 women and almost 1 in 10 men. To elaborate further, about 43 million women, while 38 million men have suffered a kind of psychological aggression done by their partners (, 2018).
RISK FACTORS
Several factors contribute to being at risk include individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. It is crucial to identify the risk factors also to establish strategies for prevention. Individual risk factors include having low self-esteem, income, and educational attainment. The heavy use of alcohol and drugs also contribute to this. Characteristics such as impulsiveness, hostility, depression, and having an antisocial personality contribute to the risk factor of becoming a perpetrator of violence within the relationship. Relationship factors would include conflict in marriage, possessiveness, dominance, and a history of a partner experiencing domestic violence during childhood years. Community factors include poverty and a neighbourhood with low support on social inter...