Environmental Health and Safety OSHA regs. Health, Medicine Essay

below you will find the research paper criteria. I can either find scholarly articles in the CSU library or if you can tell me which ones you will use and I can try to find them in the library.

Unit VII Research Paper
Weight: 24% of course grade
Grading Rubric
Due: Tuesday, 06/09/2020 11:59 PM (CST)
Instructions
OSHA has identified four categories of hazards that account for more than 50% of all construction fatalities:
Falls (36.5%)
Struck by object (10.1%)
Electrocutions (8.6%)
Caught-in/between (2.5%)
The assignment is to write a research paper involving one of these four construction hazard categories. You may narrow your topic down to a more specific type of accident within the major category. For example, under falls, you could focus your research on falls from ladders. When writing the paper, consider the following questions:
What are the common causative factors?
What does data indicate?
What are the effective proven corrective measures?
The submission must be a minimum of three pages in length, not including the title page or reference page. A minimum of three scholarly reference sources must be used from the CSU Online Library. Scholarly sources include:
peer-reviewed journal articles (Click here to access a webinar outlining peer-reviewed articles.)
safety reference books and textbooks, and
other publications by safety professionals and organizations (print or online).
Note that wikipedia.com, answers.com, ask.com, about.com, and similar broad-based Internet sites are not considered scholarly sources. Use government and professional safety-related sources, such as osha.gov, niosh.gov, asse.org, nsc.org, and nfpa.org. Contact your professor if you have any questions about the validity of a reference source.
APA format is required. Be sure to use in-text citations for direct quotes and paraphrased information.

BOS 3401, Construction Safety 1 Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to: 2. Apply Occupational Safety and Health standards and related practices to construction. 2.1 Discuss the requirements for working safely in confined spaces. 4. Examine methods used to control common construction hazards. 4.1 Analyze hazards that contribute to construction accidents. 8. Evaluate training and hazard communication strategies. 8.1 Examine hazard communication strategies. Course/Unit Learning Outcomes Learning Activity 2.1 Short Essay Assessment, Unit Lesson and Required Reading Links 4.1 Research Paper, Unit Lesson and Required Reading Links 8.1 Short Essay Assessment, Unit Lesson and Required Reading Links Reading Assignment In order to access the following resource(s), click the link(s) below: Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (2015). Subpart AA, confined spaces in construction [Brochure]. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/confinedspaces/1926_subpart_aa.pdf Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (2015). Confined spaces in construction: Pits [Brochure]. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3788.pdf Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (2015). Confined spaces in construction: Sewer systems [Brochure]. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3789.pdf Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (2014). Hazard communication: Small entity compliance guide for employers that use hazardous chemicals [Brochure], pp. 1-29. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3695.pdf Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (n.d.) Steps to an effective hazard communication program for employers that use hazardous chemicals [Brochure]. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3696.pdf UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE Confined Space Entry and Hazard Communication BOS 3401, Construction Safety 2 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Unit Lesson Confined Space Entry On August 3, 2015, a new Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) standard regulating confined space entry in construction became effective, nearly eight years after the proposed rule was first published in the Federal Register. The standard was needed to protect workers from exposure to serious hazards while working in confined spaces on construction sites. Workers in other industries have been protected by a confined space standard for decades, and OSHA recognized that a separate standard was needed for construction due to the ever-changing nature of construction confined spaces and the type of work done in them. The standard emphasizes training, monitoring, and communication between contractors and subcontractors (Cordado, 2015). By definition, a confined space has three specific characteristics:  is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter it,  has limited or restricted means for entry and exit, and  is not designed for continuous employee occupancy (Occupational Safety & Health Administration [OSHA], 2015). It is important to note that “restricted for entry/exit” does not mean “one way in—one way out.” Restricted means that it may be difficult to exit in an emergency or it may be difficult for rescue workers to enter the space. Time is a critical factor in confined space emergencies On construction sites, confined spaces often include pits, trenches, manholes, tanks, sewers, ducts, and drains. Not all confined spaces need controlled entry. OSHA further defines a permit-required space as one that has one or more additional characteristics:  contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere,  contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant,  has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section, or  contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard (OSHA, 2015). Determinations of permit-required spaces must be made by a competent person. If hazards are identified, control measures that allow safe entry must be implemented, including continuous monitoring of existing hazards. Employees authorized to enter permit-required spaces must be trained on safe entry procedures, (Almeida, n.d.) BOS 3401, Construction Safety 3 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title and employers must ensure that non-authorized employees are not allowed to enter the confined spaces. Provisions must be in place for emergency egress from the space as well as provisions for emergency rescue (OSHA, 2015). Safety professionals familiar with the confined space requirements of OSHA’s General Industry Standards will recognize many similarities in the Construction Standard. However, some sections of the 29 CFR 1926 version include new or revised requirements based on advances in technology and lessons learned since the implementation of the 29 CFR 1910 standard. It is important that the standard be read in its entirety before developing any confined space entry program. Hazard Communication In 1983, OSHA published its first Hazard Communication (Hazcom) Standard at 29 CFR 1910.1200 (Haight, 2013). The goal of this standard was to ensure workers were provided information and resources necessary to identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace and protect themselves from exposure to these chemicals. The term “Right to Know Law” is often used to describe the Hazcom Standard. More than 30 years later, the Hazcom Standard remains the second most frequently cited OSHA standard (OSHA, n.d.-a). The reasons for the number of citations could include that the standard is complex or that the standard was not clear in its requirements. OSHA originally chose to write a performance standard that provided general guidelines rather than a specification standard that provided more detail. For example, the old standard did not specify the formatting of labels used on hazardous material containers, but simply stated that the labels must include identity of the hazardous chemicals, appropriate hazard warnings, and the name and address of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party (OSHA, 2012). Numerous labeling systems could be found in a single workplace, creating confusion for both workers and employers. In 2012, OSHA revised the Hazcom Standard to align with the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). The revision resulted in standardized label formatting, the use of pictograms on labels, standardized wording of precautionary statements, and standardized information required on safety data sheets. Workers see the same information in the same format regardless of the chemical manufacturer or the industry in which they work. In OSHA’s own words, “The standard that gave workers the right to know, now gives them the right to understand” (OSHA, n.d.-b, p.1). The OSHA construction standard for Hazard Communication (29 CFR 1926.59) states, “The requirements applicable to construction work under this section are identical to those set forth at 1910.1200 of this chapter” (OSHA, 1996, p.1). The construction industry must comply with the Hazcom requirements in the General Industry Standards. The requirements of the standard are summarized in the image below. BOS 3401, Construction Safety 4 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title The challenge to implementing an effective Hazcom program is, once again, the constant changes that occur on a typical construction site. The adoption of GHS will improve the understanding of labels and hazard warnings, but the employer must still ensure all hazardous chemicals are inventoried and the safety information is communicated effectively to employees. References Almeida, A. (n.d.). “Who taught the new guy…” [Cartoon]. Retrieved from http://www.almeidacartoons.com/Safe_toons1.html Cordado, T. L. (2015). OSHA issues new construction confined space standard. Retrieved from http://www.oshalawblog.com/2015/05/articles/confined-spaces Haight, Joel M. (Ed.). (2013). Hazardous material management and hazard communication. Des Plaines, IL: American Society of Safety Engineers. Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (n.d.-a). Commonly used statistics. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/oshstats/commonstats.html Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (n.d.-b). Hazard communication. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Regulations (Standards – 29 CFR): Hazard communication. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=10633&p_table=STANDARDS (OSHA, 2014) BOS 3401, Construction Safety 5 UNIT x STUDY GUIDE Title Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (2012). Side-by-side comparison of OSHA's existing Hazard Communication Standard (HCS 1994) vs. the revised Hazard Communication Standard (HCS 2012). Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/side-by-side.html Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (2014). Hazard communication: Small entity compliance guide for employers that use hazardous chemicals [Brochure] Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3695.pdf Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (2015). Subpart AA, confined spaces in construction [Brochure]. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/confinedspaces/1926_subpart_aa.pdf Suggested Reading Are you looking for more insight on the topics discussed in this unit? Access the items listed below to view videos and additional information to gain further insight and understanding. In order to access the following resource(s), click the link(s) below: OSHA Construction Standards Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (n.d.). 29 CFR 1926 Subpart AA, Confined spaces in construction. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/confinedspaces/1926_subpart_aa.pdf OSHA General Industry Standards: Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (n.d.). Regulations (Standards – 29 CFR): Hazard communication. https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10099 Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (n.d.) Silent killer in a newly constructed Manhole [PowerPoint presentation]. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/confinedspaces/manhole_cs.ppt Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (n.d.). The globally harmonized system for hazard communication. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/global.html Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (n.d.) Construction focus four training. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/construction/focus_four/index.html Learning Activities (Nongraded) Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information. The 2012 revision to OSHA’s Hazard Communication standard changed the warning label requirements for hazardous material containers to align with the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Create a presentation that can be used to train employees on how to read and understand the new labeling system.