Discussion: Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is common in patients diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), increasing the mortality rate among its patients. Recent studies indicate that heart failure is a notable risk factor for kidney disease (Kalra, N.D). The heart interconnects with the kidney for it sends a continuous supply of oxygenated blood throughout the body while the kidney's work is to filter blood, remove waste such as ammonia in the form of urine; regulating salt and water levels to control blood pressure. Accordingly, if the heart no longer pumps well, blood congestion occurs, creating a buildup in pressure within the main vein, and ends in decreased oxygenated blood supply in the kidneys. Thence, it is imperative to check for kidney function - the creatinine levels for impairments during a Heart Failure diagnosis.
Pathophysiological influence of CKD on HF
HF emergency also fluctuates depending on the extent of CKD and the modality of kidney transplantation therapy. A diminished estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is akin to a heightened risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with HFpEF/HFrEF (House et al., 2019). In the event of Chronic Kidney Disease, risk factors may include a lengthened hypertension and a worsened blood pressure rate (BPr). The condition worsens due to salt and water retention leading to preload in excess, left ventricular hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Arteriovenous fistul...