Anatomy of the Digestive System

Anatomy of the Digestive System
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1.Trace and discuss the complete movement of a bolus of food entering and exiting the human via the digestive system.
During chewing, the salivary glands secrete saliva, which helps soften the food into a bolus (semi-solid lump) (Marieb& Smith, 2016). First, there is mechanical breakdown through chewing, and saliva facilitates the chemical breakdown in the mouth and pharynx. The second phase is through the esophagus, where food is moved towards the stomach by peristalsis. The third movement is in the stomach, where the chemical breakdown of food takes place. This is then followed by the digestion of starches and absorption of some nutrients in the small intestine. After that, there is movement into the large intestine, where there is the absorption of water and salt and even the concentration of feces (Marieb& Smith, 2016). Then in the appendix, there is bacterial action and production of vitamin K and further digestion. The next movement happens in the rectum, where feces, the undigested material and bacteria can be found. Lastly, the waste leaves through the anus.
2. View the anatomical models Figure 38.6 (b), Figure 38.8 (b), and Figure38.14 (a)and(b)from Laboratory Manual and briefly identify the structures that are described by the following abbreviated statements.A. Smooth muscle layers of the muscularis-they can be found in the stomach where there is the movement of food through peristalsis and mechanical digestionB. Location and function of gastric pits- found in the stomach, they communicate with the stomach’s lumen and transport gastric cell secretions. C. Overall structure of the finger-like villi within the small intestine/increased absorption area- the micro...