Study’s Internal, External, and Social Validity

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Validity
This section discusses the study’s internal, external, and social validity.
Internal Validity
Internal validity is the case wherein changes in the dependent variable are caused by manipulating the independent variable and not by other factors (Kirby et al., 2021). The study established a direct relationship between its dependent and independent variables. Students’ awareness of a specific social issue is linked to their daily time on social media. In general, the more time students spend viewing information on the internet, the more socially aware they become of what is happening around them. Furthermore, the study is internally valid because it contains no biases and provides accuracy. For example, the study employs an application to track students' daily social media usage. In this manner, the researchers do not have to worry about manually measuring the time but instead obtain accurate data via an app. However, the app can provide detailed reports on students' social media usage. Therefore, the study is internally valid because it has proven that the independent variable influences the dependent variable. Students’ awareness of the social issue is affected by their time spent on social media.
External Validity
The degree to which the study’s findings can be generalized to other target behaviors, populations, or others is called external validity (Kirby et al., 2021). The researchers determined that the study was externally valid because the findings could be generalized to other target behaviors and populations.
The study is externally valid because its findings can be applied to other populations. Students are just some of the ones who are avid users of social media. Other age groups, such as children, teenagers, and adults, are also avid social media users. These people use social media for a variety of reasons. For example, because there are games on social media, children may use them for entertainment. Teens may use social media to express themselves because, at that age, teens seek validation from social media. They may post photos or videos to brag or to receive positive feedback from others on the internet. Adults, on the other hand, may communicate through social media. Hence, people of all ages are immense social media users, and the study’s results may be applied to all age levels.
Furthermore, the study is externally valid because its findings can be applied to other behaviors. The study can be beneficial if researchers want to improve a specific behavior or skill using the internet. For example, if researchers want to raise cultural awareness by using social media, they can do so because it is feasible. Other behaviors or skills that researchers may study include. As a result, the study’s findings also apply to other behaviors.
Social Validity
Social validity is a factor that could help the proposed intervention succeed. The social validity of the intervention and its preferred replacement behavior refers to whether the interventions are accepted social practices. Ensuring that the intervention addresses a socially important goal is essential when determining social validity. F...