Stages of Negotiation, How to Manage Conflicts, and Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Stages in International Negotiation
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Negotiation is a process of securing an agreement between parties with different needs and goals; each benefits from establishing an agreement though the balance of power (Weiss, 1999). The aim of negotiations is to get a win-win situation. The process of negotiation involves five stages that need the negotiator to prepare adequately. Preparations for these phases are the same though they may differ slightly to accommodate cultural setups (Yap & Standen, 2013).The initial stage is the preparation phase. Here, the involved parties organize and accumulate relevant information for active negotiations. Therefore, both sides carry out investigations to get adequate information that adds validity to their claims (Yap & Standen, 2013). Adequate preparation entails, having relevant facts, economic issues, and legal or political issues (Weiss, 1999). In addition, the planning phases the party considers the start and end-points of the interaction. Finally, preparation believes the eventuality of the interaction, what happens in an agreement or fail.In preparation stage, the focus will be the needs of the organization. I will identify the internal strength and the focus of the issues we want to win. I will familiarize myself with the Russian and Arabic negotiation skills and culture so that I can be in the forefront in win. I will study the presumed claims for the Russian and the Arabian organizations and develop strategies to win themThen, there is the stage of establishment of negotiator identities and tone for interaction. At this phase, interaction with the goal of knowing each other starts, setting pace for the whole negotiations (Weiss, 1999). Initially small talks on relevant topics establish mutual acquaintance. This part takes few minutes before the discussion begins. Here I will use my time to study the other negotiators. I will gather the style of their mannerism and factual presentation and negotiation skills. I will create a cooperative atmosphere be polite as I prepare for the negotiation skills.The third stage is the information exchange phase. Here, substantive issues to be negotiated starts to emerge. Each side focuses on the other as they try to determine what to address (Yap & Standen, 2013). As the parties discuss new information discloses, that enable the parties to make better verbal leaks inferentially disclose valuable information. For this phase, I will employ broad, open-ended questions to elicit long and precise needs of my opponents. Then I will recruit narrow issues to elicit responses from the candidates. Besides, I will listen carefully to note the moves of the opponents.Then there is the stage of distributive phase. After serious engagement, matters shift back to own side. The negotiators stop asking the other party what they want and instead focus on what they want (Weiss, 1999). Here value creation within the one party will determine the value claim. Setting goals and bottom lines is crucial before entering this phase. In preparation for this stage, I will review the interests of my organization in consideration to the competitive aspect of the negotiation. The I will prepare for an offer that will be...