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Ethics in Statistics: Lotteries (Business & Marketing Essay)

Essay Instructions:

This paper is for statistics ! There should be good sources and substance.
The following is an extract from our textbook
Ethical issues can arise when any statements related to probability are presented to the public, particularly when these statements are part of an advertising campaign for a product or service. Unfortunately, many people are not comfortable with the numerical concepts (see reference 4) and tend to misinterpret the meaning of the probability. IN some instances, the misinterpretation is not intentional, but in other cases, advertisements may unethically try to mislead potential customers.
My example, inserted
One example of a potentially unethical application of probability relates to advertisements for state lotteries. When purchasing a lottery ticket, the customer selects a set of numbers (such as) from a larger list of numbers (such as drawing 6 numbers from a set ranging from 1 through 49). Hence, 649, meaning choose any 6 numbers from a set of 49 numbers of any order. Although virtually all participants know that they are unlikely to win the lottery, they also have a very little idea of how unlikely it is for them to select all 6 winning numbers from the list of 49 numbers.
They have even less idea of the probability of winning a consolation prize by selecting either 4 or 5 winning numbers.
Given this background, you might consider a recent commercial for a state lottery that stated, “We won’t stop until we have made everyone a millionaire” to be deceptive and possibly unethical.
Question 1. Essay Type
Do you think the state has any intention of ever stopping the lottery, given the fact that the state relies on it to bring millions of dollars into its treasury? Is it possible that lottery can make everyone a millionaire? Is it ethical to suggest that the purpose of the lottery is to make everyone a millionaire?

Essay Sample Content Preview:

Ethics in Statistics: Lotteries
Author’s Name
The Institutional Affiliation
Course Number and Name
Instructor Name
Assignment Due Date
Ethics in Statistics: Lotteries
Introduction
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the moral codes implied or expressed within any given context (Sibinga, 2018). Ethics or moral philosophy serves as a scale to determine an act's acceptability or behavior in a given situation. The ethics of lottery advertisement has always been a controversial area that has received growing attention recently. A recent lottery advertisement stated, “We will not stop until we have made everyone a millionaire” is said to be misleading and ethically unjustifiable. The purpose of this essay is to assess the moral underpinning of the lottery advertisement with particular reference to the stance of the state officials.
Discussion
It is unwise to expect that the state will stop the lottery advertisement because lottery pay-outs predominantly contribute to several state institutions (Henricks & Embrick, 2016). Several states allocate the capital generated through the lottery for education, and others direct the income towards tourism, economic growth, parks, and construction of public buildings (Egerer et al., 2018). This financial benefit drawn through the lottery system is mostly behind the government’s reluctance to ban gambling. On certain occasions, the government uses rhetorical statements to justify the lottery. Sometimes, it goes as far as to state that the lottery system will continue until ever participant is turned into a millionaire. This statement is ethically inappropriate and misleading for several reasons. First of all, the statistical probability of everyone becoming a millionaire is close to zero. By most accounts, odds of winning a jackpot are as low as one in several million (Raux, 2018). Another example of the statement being ethically wrong is that while purchasing the lottery ticket, the person has to choose six numbers. The player's probability of ending up havin...
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