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2 pages/β‰ˆ550 words
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APA
Subject:
Biological & Biomedical Sciences
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Essay
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English (U.S.)
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Topic:

Zinc Oxide

Essay Instructions:

Instructions
Welding fumes are a common occupational exposure. Several different welding fumes can cause similar adverse health effects. Personal sampling of a welding operation at a manufacturing facility produced the following 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) results for individual metal fumes.
Metal Fume Result OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV
Antimony 0.05 mg/m³ 0.5 mg/m³ 0.5 mg/m³
Beryllium 0.00001 mg/m³ 0.002 mg/m³ 0.00005 mg/m³ (I)
Cadmium 0.025 mg/m³ 0.1 mg/m³ 0.01 mg/m³
Chromium 0.02 mg/m³ 1 mg/m³ 0.5 mg/m³
Copper 0.03 mg/m³ 0.1 mg/m³ 0.2 mg/m³
Iron Oxide 0.5 mg/m³ 10 mg/m³ 5 mg/m³ (R)
Magnesium Oxide 0.02 mg/m³ 15 mg/m³ 10 mg/m³
Molybdenum 0.003 mg/m³ 15 mg/m³ 10 mg/m³ (I)
Nickel 0.25 mg/m³ 1 mg/m³ 1.5 mg/m³ (I)
Zinc Oxide 0.3 mg/m³ 5 mg/m³ 2 mg/m³ (R)
(R) Respirable fraction (I) Inhalable fraction
Briefly summarize the primary health effects associated with overexposure to each type of metal fume, including both acute and chronic health effects. Explain what analytical methods you would use for evaluating health hazards in the workplace.
Identify the types of metal fumes that would produce similar health effects on an exposed worker. Assume that each listed metal can cause respiratory irritation. Use the equation in 1910.1000(d)(2)(i) to calculate the equivalent exposure (in relation to OSHA PELS) for the metal fumes with similar health effects based on the “Result” column in the table above. Discuss whether you believe any of the individual metal fume exposures or the combined exposure exceeds an OSHA PEL or an ACGIH TLV.
Your homework assignment should be a minimum of two pages in length.

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Question 1
Zinc oxide causes metal fume fever, headache, fever, chest pains and headache. Beryllium, on the other hand, causes mutilation to the respiratory system. Cadmium causes soar and dry throat, irritation of the breathing system, difficulties in inhaling and exhaling, and chest pain. Some of the chronic effects of Cadmium are emphysema and damage to the kidneys. A carcinogen is normally suspected. Some of the acute effects of copper are nausea, irritation of the nose, throat, and eyes, and metal fume fever. Exposure to Iron Oxide results in siderosis. Acute effects of Iron Oxide include irritation of the lungs and nose. Nickel aggravates the throat, nose, and eyes. Chronic impacts of Nickel include cancer, lung problems, and dermatitis. Molybdenum irritates the throat, nose, and eyes. Chronic exposure to Molybdenum might result in shortness of breath. Some of the chronic effects of magnesium is the central nervous system problems. Prolonged exposure to antimony in the air causes skin, lungs, and eyes irritation. Exposure to Chromium compounds can make a person develop asthma and other symptoms of respiratory distress.
To evaluate health hazards in the workplace, the following are some of the analytical methods I would use. I will use NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) collect samples of contaminants in the air, blood, and urine of the employees (Smedley, Dick & Sadhra, 2013). I would also use the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and OSHA to provide more analysis for the collected samples and compounds.
Question 2
1 When Zinc Oxide is inhaled, it causes metal fume fever. This is a kind of flu-like disease with symptoms of metallic in the mouth. Other sym...
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