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Reading reflection. Socrates’s defending on Old and New Charges

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General Instructions/Information: 
For this assignment, it is required that you use a standard 12-point font and 1-inch margins. In addition, your text must be double-spaced. While it is not necessary, if you do directly quote, paraphrase, or refer to any textual resources in this assignment, you will need to properly cite those resources by means of a standard citation method (MLA, Chicago, etc.). Please only use what can be found in the required readings and those talked about in lectures. 
Note 1: Merely parroting lecture materials neither demonstrates understanding nor provides evidence of philosophical acuity. As such, wherever possible, you should respond to the prompts using your own words.
Note 2: While there is no specified page limit/requirement for your responses, a good rule of thumb is to aim for 1-2 pages in length.Note 3: In responding to a prompt, you are not required to include an introduction or a conclusion.
Assignment:
Required reading: Readings in Ancient Greek Philosophy, pp. 80-90 
Required reading: Readings in Ancient Greek Philosophy, pp. 90-106 
Required reading: Readings in Ancient Greek Philosophy, pp. 106-114 
Provide short-essay responses to THREE essay prompts listed below: • (i) In the Apology, we find Socrates defending himself against two sets of charges. What are the so-called ‘old charges’, and how does Socrates defend himself against them? What are the so-called ‘new charges’, and how does Socrates suggest they relate to the ‘old charges’? How exactly does Socrates defend himself against the charge of impiety? Do you find his defense effective? If so, why? If not, why not? 
• (ii) What circumstances prompted Socrates to ask Euthyphro What is piety? What is Euthyphro's initial response and why is it mistaken? Describe his next attempt to define piety—where he suggests that “what’s loved by the gods is pious” (7a)—and explain how he gets refuted. What does this refutation reveal about Euthyphro’s beliefs regarding piety? Do you think that he is justified in his decision to prosecute his father? If so, why? If not, why not? 
• (iii) In trying to convince Socrates to escape from jail, Crito argues that one reason for Socrates to escape is that, if he does not escape, he will allow his enemies to harm him greatly. What is Socrates’s response to this argument? In answering this question, be sure to discuss the so-called ‘Principle of Justice’. Given Socrates’s commitment to the ‘Principle of Justice’, is he right in his decision to remain in jail? In answering this question, be sure to examine one of the arguments that Socrates presents on behalf of the Laws. 
Grading Criteria: 
Each essay prompt consists of a series of individual components. In responding to a prompt, make sure that you address each individual 
component of that prompt. In doing so, you will be led to write a shortessay response. Your written work will be evaluated for the following: • (i) Demonstrated understanding of the relevant ideas/concepts/arguments 
• (ii) Thoroughness, precision, and clarity of explanation/analysis 
• (iii) Overall philosophical acuity
lecture links:
https://youtu(dot)be/rxZO6DRbUPE
https://youtu(dot)be/--OSnJ2hWag
https://youtu(dot)be/goSNxJBqJok
https://youtu(dot)be/mu9V-tGtrXk
https://youtu(dot)be/R53LqvLFMw0

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Socrates’s defending on Old and New Charges
The Apology is thought to be the most authentic story that has been well-kept-up of Socrates' justification of himself. The case against him was presented before the Athenian Council. The Apology seems to record, on several occasions, the specific words used by Socrates while making his discourse in justification of himself. The Apology is in indispensable agreement with the references to the case in Plato's other discourses and the version offered in Xenophon's Memorabilia. The words were not noted down when they were articulated, but we recognize that Plato was present at the trial (Hugh, 119). Therefore we can settle that the justification provided in the Apology comprises the words of Socrates as Plato recalled them.
The matters of the speech consisted of several different parts. The initial one comprises a preliminary pronouncement that Socrates makes in relation to his talking. The statement is then followed by an account of the exact allegations made with an allusion to his daily activities and his life (Shadia, 40). Upon making his justification, an account is provided of his effort to extenuate the punishment imposed on him. He replied at some length to all of the allegations brought against him. To end with, Socrates makes a farsighted admonition of the adjudicators for assuming they will live with untroubled conscience and at ease after pronouncing sentence as a punishment for his crimes.
The old charges are charges from the old accusers. In this accusation, Socrates is charged with concerning himself with inappropriate topics of study. In giving his defense, he will respond to two types of charges. The first one is known as the 'old charges,' or more ancient charge and the second one is the 'new charges' or the contemporary accusation being made by Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon. In the old charges, Socrates is accused that he does not believe in the gods, but rather teaches purely physical explanations for earthly and heavenly phenomena (Nicholas). In the second or new charges, he is accused of corrupting the young's minds. Socrates pronounces to the court that the old charges come from years of prejudice and gossip against him. He states that such accusations are challenging to address.
Socrates states that Lycon, Meletus, and Anytus, who have brought the current accusations before the court of law, are merely the most recent of several individuals who have articulated out against him. Stating that these allegations are centered totally on falsehoods, He points out that they have given him a bad name for many years. Socrates replies to the old charge by challenging any person to testify to having seen him confessing knowledge about these things. He says that the allegations for which he is answering had already been published and spoken by the comic poet Aristophanes and is, as a result, away from the legal scope of a trial for impiety and corruption. He elucidated that the young and rich menfolk of Athens do not have most things to do with their lives. As a result, they keep on following him about the city observing his interrogation of knowledgeable opinions in discourse with other knowle...
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