Colonialism and Apartheid

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From the Material in PowerPoint and the Book
Question 1
Colonialism is an unfair imposition of power on a people. Post-colonialism should be a positive development for these same people, though it can bring its serious problems and issues. This statement pertained to countries on the African continent, considering the impacts of colonialism in African countries. On a positive front, Africans experienced improved education, medicine, and infrastructure after the colonialists left. Besides, post-colonialism influenced the creation of large political units, which helped most African countries like Nigeria to grow faster. Before colonialism, most African countries had divided government systems, which became unified in the post-colonial era. At the same time, post-colonialism resulted in political instability, ethnic wars, poverty, and the struggle for cultural and national identities in Africa.
Question 2
Apartheid is a racial segregation policy that separated the ruling white minority from the nonwhite majority in South Africa. It was instituted in 1948 as a legal form of racial segregation and discrimination until its abolition in 1990 following decades of organized resistance. During this time, black South Africans were not allowed to marry or have sexual relations with people of different races. These races also had separate facilities like restrooms, schools, hospitals, restaurants, swimming pools, and theatres, and black people were prohibited from using the facilities that did not belong to them. They were also not allowed to participate in any political protest or opposition to the government. Any attempt to do so could lead to police brutality and massacre. Generally, life during apartheid was tough for black South Africans.
Question 3 (a)
Apartheid rule affected Athol Fugard's life as the government banned most of his works. His works often criticized the apartheid regime, so the government saw him as a threat. Occasionally, the...